<p>The Buckner Cabin, also known as the William Buzzard&#39;s Cabin, located about 2.6 mile northwest of Stehekin, Washington in Lake Chelan National Recreation Area of North Cascades National Park Complex, is one of a group of structures relating to the theme of early settlement in the Lake Chelan area. The original cabin, listed individually as the Buckner Cabin on the National Register of Historic Places, was built in 1889 by Willam Buzzard and altered in 1911 by William and Harry Buckner. The surrounding structures are included in the Buckner Homestead Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The cabin has been added to the National Register of Historical Placesin 1974 and has been included in the Buckner Homestead Historic District in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Tell al-Rimah is an archaeological site in Nineveh Province . Its ancient name may have been either Karana or Qattara. It is located in Nineveh Province , roughly 50 mi west of Mosul and ancient Nineveh in the Sinjar region.</p><br>
<h2>History of archaeological research</h2><br>
<p>The region was originally surveyed by Seton Lloyd in 1938. The site of Tell al-Rimah was excavated from 1964 to 1971 by a British School of Archaeology in Iraq team led by David Oates.David Oates, The Excavations at Tell al Rimah: 1967, Iraq, vol. 30, no. 2,</p><br>
<p>pp. 115-138, 1968 A large temple and palace from the early second millennium BCE were excavated, as well as a Neo-Assyrian building. Tell al-Rimah also is known for having a third millennium example of brink vaulting.</p><br>
<h2>Occupation history</h2><br>
<p>While it appears that the site was occupied in the third millennium BCE, it reached its greatest size and prominence during the second millennium BCE and in the Neo-Assyrian period. The second millennium activity was primarily during the Old Babylonian and Mitanni periods. At various times, Tell al-Rimah has been linked with either Qatara or Karana, both cites known to be in that area during the second millennium.</p><br>
<h2>Material culture</h2><br>
<p>A number of Old Babylonian tablets contemporary with Zimri-Lim of Mari were found as well as other objects. The most notable artifact found was the stele of Adad-nirari III which mentioned an early king of Israel.</p><br>
<p>Kalliopi  is a settlement in the municipal unit of Moudros, on the Greek island of Limnos. In 2011 its population was 207. It is situated in the eastern part of the island, 1 km southeast of Kontopouli and 1.5 km north of the lagoon Chortarolimni. The village&#39;s 3 km long beach is on the Keros Gulf. The gulf is east of the village and was an important port until the late Middle Ages. The name "Keros" meaning "horn" refers to its shape.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village was established around 1200. This may have coincided with the decline of the town Hephaistia. According to local folklore, the first settler was Kalliopi or Kalli, a rich resident of Hephaistia, who was expelled due to improper conduct. The settlement was formerly closer to the sea, near the present locality Ariones. The naval general Georgios Kapetanakis, active in the Greek War of Independence, came from Kalliopi.</p><br>
<p>Mount Sefuri is a 1,054.6 m peak of the Sefuri Mountains, which are located on the border of Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, and Kanzaki, Saga Prefecture, Japan.</p><br>
<h2>Outline</h2><br>
<p>This mountain is the tallest peak of the Sefuri Mountain range between Fukuoka Prefecture and Saga Prefecture. Before the Meiji Restoration, this mountain was a center of the Shugendo religion in this region, along with Mount Hiko. Mount Sefuri is the location where the Buddhist priest Eisai first planted tea after his return to Japan from Song dynasty China in the Kamakura period.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>On the top of Mount Sefuri there are two radar sites. One is operated by the Japanese Air Self Defense Force, and the other by the United States Air Force in Japan.</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>The most popular route to climb this mountain is from Shiiba Bus Stop of Nishitetsu Bus. It takes about from two and half hours to three hours to the top.</p><br>
<p>The William J. Paugh House, also known as Rosewall, is a very pure example of a Carpenter Gothic - Gothic Revival house, one of a very few in Northern California. It is located in Jackson, California, in Amador County. It was built in the late 1850s by Charles L. Parish, artist, architect and builder.</p><br>
<p>According to Parish family lore, it was built to impress a school teacher that Charles was in love with, in order to persuade her to marry him. When his intended bride was tragically killed in a "runaway accident", he raffled the house off, charging one dollar a ticket. He called the raffle "The Charles L. Parish Gift and Musical Entertainment Raffle". He sold 8,650 tickets around the state in 1860 and 1861. Advertisements appeared in the Amador Ledger-Dispatch and the Sacramento Daily Union.</p><br>
<p>The house was won in 1861 by Amador County&#39;s second Sheriff, Dr. William J. Paugh, who lived there until 1870, when he moved to San Francisco to practice medicine as a physician/surgeon. It was sold at that time to George Snowden Andrews, Jackson Wells Fargo agent from 1857 until 1875.</p><br>
<p>In 1884 the owner of the house, Superior Court judge George Moore, was shot and killed in the sitting room. A reward was offered by the governor of the state in hopes of apprehending the assassin.</p><br>
<p>In 1918 Susan Hocking, who owned the house with her husband Tobias T. Hocking, died from the Spanish flu, the worst pandemic in human history. She is buried in the Jackson City cemetery.</p><br>
<p>In 1940 the house was purchased by Walter and Margaret Voss. Walter died in 1958. Margaret, an educated and strong willed woman, lived there until her death in 2001 at 102 years of age, having lived in three centuries.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased by Jerry and Jeanette Chaix in 2001 and completely restored during the years 2002-2006. It was placed on The National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Bulwer Island is a 120 hectare reclaimed tidal mangrove island at the mouth of the Brisbane River in the suburb of Pinkenba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is named for Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton, the British Colonial Secretary who separated Queensland from New South Wales in 1859 and made Sir George Bowen its first Governor.</p><br>
<h2>Bulwer Island Refinery</h2><br>
<p>In May 1961 a TAA DC-4 airliner crashed onto Bulwer Island during landing at Brisbane Airport. The pilot had suffered cardiac arrest and slumped over the control column preventing the co-pilot from regaining control before the plane dived into the mud of the island.</p><br>
<p>Much of it is now occupied with BP Australia’s Bulwer Island Refinery, the largest in Queensland. Reclamation and refinery construction took place during 1963-65, with the reclamation greatly expanding the original island and joining it to the north bank of the river.</p><br>
<p>On 2 April 2014, BP announced that this refinery would be closed mid-2015, its jetty and terminal will remain operational. The decision was made due to increasing Asian competition and a strong Australian dollar.</p><br>
<h2>Lighthouse</h2><br>
<p>A lighthouse, known as Bulwer Island Light, stood on the island between 1912 and 1983, as part of a pair of leading light. In 1983 it was replaced by a skeletal tower and relocated to the Queensland Maritime Museum in Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>Gesher is an archaeological site located on the southern bank of Nahal Tavor, near kibbutz Gesher in the central Jordan Valley of Israel. It bears signs of occupation from two periods, the very early Neolithic and the Middle Bronze Age. The site was first excavated between 1986 and 1987 by Yosef Garfinkel of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and between 2002 and 2004 by Susan Cohen of Montana State University. The average of 4 Radiocarbon dating results suggested inhabitation of the settlement around 8000 BC.</p><br>
<p>During the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A the site was a small village composed of a few rounded structures. Typical flint finds included a high number of el-Khiam points which Garfinkel argued, along with the relatively early date could class Gesher as a Khiamian site. One outstanding discovery, unknown from any other Neolithic site of the period in the Near East, is a workshop for the production of basalt artifacts. The workshop produced basalt axes and various other tools which were then sent to other early Neolithic centers, such as Jericho and Netiv Hagdud. According radiometric dates, Gesher is one of the earliest Neolithic sites in the Near East. During this period the first villages were established and the transition to agriculture occurred. A final excavation report on the Neolithic site was published in 2006.</p><br>
<p>During the Middle Bronze Age IIA, Gesher served as a cemetery. Some 20 graves have been uncovered. These are shaft graves, dug into the local sediment, used for individual burials and never reopened. This facilitates the study of burial customs, including body position, the quantity of grave goods and their relation to the deceased. Bronze spearheads and axes (including three duck-bill axes) were found in four of the graves. A final excavation report on the Middle Bronze cemetery was published in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Y. Garfinkel and D. Dag. 2006. Gesher: A Pre-Pottery Neolithic A Site in the Central Jordan Valley, Israel. A Final Report. Berlin: Ex Oriente.</p><br>
<p>Y. Garfinkel and S. Cohen. 2007. The Early Middle Bronze Cemetery of Gesher. Final Excavation Report. AASOR 62. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research.</p><br>
<p>The Pasadena Apartments is an apartment building located at 2170 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Pasadena Apartment Building is an eleven-story building constructed of yellow brick with limestone facing on the two lower floors. A column of bay windows rises from the basement to the tenth floor; a classic style entrance is in the center of the front façade. The building originally had classical details on the upper floors, including a cornice and false balconies, that have been removed.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The building is an early example of upper-class, multi-unit housing, and is one of the earliest of these structures to be built with reinforced concrete. These families often preferred to rent upscale apartments. The Pasedena is notable for its scale, design, and materials.</p><br>
<p>The Garden Court Apartments is an apartment building located at 2900 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Garden Court Apartments is an H-shaped building standing nine stories tall with a symmetrical façade facing Jefferson Avenue. The lowest two stories are faced with limestone, while the remainder of the building is made from red brick. Two rounded bay window units rise the full nine stories. The top story has limestone belt courses and window surrounds, and a balustrade runs along the edge of the flat roof.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Garden Court Apartments were constructed for J. Harrington Walker (of Hiram Walker & Sons) in 1915. Walker lived across the street from the Garden Court; when the building was completed, he moved into one of the apartments.</p><br>
<p>The building originally housed 32 very large luxury apartments.</p><br>
<p>The building was featured in the television show Martin.</p><br>
<p>Loch Alsh  is a sea inlet between the isle of Skye in the Inner Hebrides and the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. The name is also used to describe the surrounding country and the feudal holdings around the loch. The area is rich in history, and is increasingly popular with tourists.</p><br>
<p>The hilly country around Loch Alsh has a temperate, well-watered climate. There is some pasture and woodland, but much of the area is moorland. The rocks are ancient Precambrian Gneiss, some of the oldest in the world, much eroded.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The loch runs inland about 12 km from Kyle of Lochalsh to Ardelve. From there Loch Duich continues southeast another 10 km to Shiel Bridge while Loch Long runs deeper into the mountains to the northeast. A narrow strait from the south of Loch Alsh leads to the Sound of Sleat that separates the Isle of Skye from the mainland. The loch is overlooked by Sgurr na Coinnich, which rises to 739 m on Skye. The mainland hills to the north reach 452 m at the summit of Auchtertyre Hill and 344 m on Sgurr Mor but are generally lower and slope gradually down to the west.</p><br>
<p>The ancient stronghold of Inverness is 50 mi to the east as a crow flies over the Northwest Highlands.</p><br>
<p>The climate is temperate. Annual rainfall is around 2.3 metres per year and temperatures range from 0–7 °C in January to 10–18 °C in July and August. On any given day of the year rain is more likely than not. Much of the countryside is moorland or pasture but there are lowland areas of deciduous forest with native birchwoods and oakwoods and some conifer plantations. At one time the forest would have been more extensive, but the early inhabitants converted parts of it to crofts (small farms) and when the Highland Clearances destroyed the crofts the land was kept as pasture.</p><br>
<p>The loch witnessed the last invasion on the UK by Spanish forces in 1719.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The loch lies between hills just east of the Moine Thrust Belt, an unusual geological structure that runs from the Sleat peninsula in Skye on a northeast diagonal to Loch Eriboll on the north coast of Scotland. In this area, geologists found in 1907 that younger rocks from the west lay below the older rocks of the east, a discovery that helped lead to the modern theory of mountain building. The Lewisian gneisses around Loch Alsh were formed in the Precambrian period, about 2800 million years ago, while the volcanic rocks, gabbro and granite that make up most of Skye, and that in some places lie under the older gneisses, are just 55 million years old. The ancient metamorphic rocks around Loch Alsh have been heavily eroded over the years, most recently by a series of ice ages.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>In 2012, a large colony of flame shells was discovered in the loch following a Marine Scotland commissioned survey, carried out by Heriot-Watt University. The reef is thought to consist of over 100 million flame shells covering 75 hectare, making it the largest known reef of its kind in the UK.</p><br>
<p>Dunderberg Mountain stands at the so-called southern gate of the Hudson Highlands where the regions namesake Hudson River enters a dramatic gorge. It rises about 1,086 ft from the rivers west bank above Jones Point, New York, within Bear Mountain State Park and the town of Stony Point in Rockland County, New York.</p><br>
<p>Dunderberg (also historically Donderberg) is a Dutch word, meaning "thunder mountain," so called by the early Dutch settlers because of the frequent thunderstorms in the vicinity.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The bulk of Dunderberg projects into the Hudson River, which describes an arc about its eastern side. Tidal marshes of the river, Snake Hole Creek and Iona Island, lie to the north. On the northwestern side is the abandoned hamlet of Doodletown. At Dunderberg&#39;s immediate southern slope is the Hudson River, while to the southwest are outlying neighborhoods of Tomkins Cove, a community or segment of Stony Point.</p><br>
<p>The mountain as labeled on current USA Geological Survey maps and a widely used hiking map, extends about a mile and a half from its easternmost footing on the river at Jones Point. But several summits lying still farther to the west and southwest are evidently part of the Dunderberg formation, or massif, as described by at least some editions of an influential area hiking guidebook. These include Bald Mountain or Bockberg (1,130 feet (344 m)), as well as the Timp (984 feet (300m)), each of which are, however, separately named by the USGS. The Boulderberg, labeled as such on certain maps of historical interest, lies a short distance to the south of the Timp.</p><br>
<p>As Dunderberg&#39;s crest runs inland latitudinally from the river, Timp Brook splits it into northerly and southerly ridges; Bald Mountain lies at the end of the northerly ridge, while the Timp terminates the southerly ridge about two-and a half miles southwest of Jones Point. Timp Brook emerges from a small swamp between the two ridges to flow down steeply to the north around Bald Mountain and thence to the northeast, into the valley known as Doodletown Clove between West Mountain and Dunderberg.</p><br>
<p>Closely following the upper course of Timp Brook was once the main route into Doodletown from the southwest. A half-mile farther west, an old farm road, later used as a fire road and now a foot-path, also enters Doodletown valley, through a narrow gap known as Timp Pass between the Timp and West Mountain. However, since the late 19th century, the main road up the Hudson (now 9W) has circled around the base of Dunderberg near the river.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Revolutionary War</h3><br>
<p>Dunderberg was a landmark for British forces during the American Revolutionary War, as troops moved over a pass to the west of the mountain while marching to attack Forts Clinton and Montgomery in 1777.</p><br>
<p>In a report to General William Howe several days after the Oct. 6, 1777 attack, the British commander Sir Henry Clinton wrote that at daybreak, 2,100 troops disembarked from vessels at Stony Point:</p><br>
<p>The Avant Garde of 500 Regulars & 400 Provincials... began its March to occupy the Pass of Thunder Hill; this Avant Garde after it had passed that Mountain, was to proceed by a detour of seven Miles round the Hill, and Debouchée in the Rear of Fort Montgomery, while General Vaughan, with 1200 Men was to continue his March towards Fort Clinton... Major General Tryon with the Remainder, being the Rear Guard, to leave a Battalion at the Pass of Thunder Hill to open our Communication with the Fleet...</p><br>
<p>Sir Henry&#39;s "Pass of Thunder Hill" apparently stood between what is now called Bald Mountain and the Timp, about a mile southwest of the westerly summit of Dunderberg. It lies about a half-mile east of what is now called Timp Pass.</p><br>
<p>The modern 1777 Trail commemorates Sir Henry&#39;s route, and was built in 1974–75 as a joint project of the Rockland County Boy Scouts, the Palisades Interstate Park, the Rockland County Cooperative Extension and the New York-New Jersey Trail Conference. The route was determined by Jack Mead of the Trailside Museum at Bear Mountain from British military records and maps drawn by Major Robert Erskine, Surveyor General of the Continental Army.</p><br>
<p>Anthony Wayne, in his successful attack on Stony Point in 1779, used a route that entirely avoids the Dunderberg area, passing nearly two miles to the west of the Timp. A contemporary trail commemorates Wayne&#39;s route and is mapped by the New York/New Jersey Trail Conference.</p><br>
<h3>Spiral Railway Corp.</h3><br>
<p>In 1889, the Dunderberg Spiral Railway Corporation formed with the goal of building a hotel at the top of Dunderberg. Tourists were to reach the hotel by means of a steam-powered railway. For the descent, the cars would be powered simply by gravity as the 12 mi track wound its way back to the base of the mountain, like a roller coaster, affording scenic views of the Hudson and reaching speeds of up to 50 mi/h.</p><br>
<p>Directors of the Dunderberg corporation included Henry J. Mumford, who with his brother H.L. Mumford, operated the former Mauch Chunk Railroad of similar design as a successful and well-known tourist attraction during the 1870s in what is now Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania. The Mauch Chunk Railroad, originally designed for a coal mine, became the inspiration for modern amusement park roller coasters.</p><br>
<p>Funding for the Dunderberg project ran out in 1891 and the system was never completed; the reasons for the failure remain unclear.</p><br>
<p>One theory holds that the facility was planned as part of the Columbian Exposition of 1893. Verplanck&#39;s Point (south of Peekskill) is said to have been considered as a possible location during the planning stage of the Exposition, and it is possible that the funding for the hotel and the railway collapsed after Congress awarded the location to Chicago instead. Although the theory is persistent, no clear documentation has been found to support it.</p><br>
<p>Today, ruins and some signs of the Spiral Railway construction are still visible. The graded areas can be accessed from the Ramapo-Dunderberg and the Timp-Torne trails, and became somewhat popular for walking following publication of William Howell&#39;s two volumes of hiking diaries called "The Hudson Highlands" in 1933 and 1934, and reprinted by "Walking News" in 1982.</p><br>
<h3>Edison Mine</h3><br>
<p>In 1890 Thomas Edison began to establish an iron mine by acquiring nearly 200 acre on the north slope of Dunderberg and the base of Bald Mountain. Two years earlier, the inventor had created a method for using electromagnets to separate and refine iron ore.</p><br>
<p>The remains of Edison&#39;s mine lie southeast of Doodletown Reservoir south of the abandoned "Old Turnpike," between the Cornell Mine Trail and the Doodletown Bridle Path. A tailings pile is on the hillside. The land was eventually acquired by the Palisades Interstate Park Commission on December 31, 1938.</p><br>
<p>Other abandoned iron mines in the immediate vicinity predate Edison&#39;s project, and include those on Bald Mountain and West Mountain.</p><br>
<h3>"Upper Level" 9W roadway construction</h3><br>
<p>A 2.44 mi so-called upper level section of USA Route 9W blasted into the side of Dunderberg was opened to traffic in 1931. The lower section of highway had been constructed in 1911 as a 12 ft roadway. The upper-level project was compared in the 1930s with Storm King Highway and the southeastern approach to Bear Mountain Bridge, two other mountainside highways along the Hudson built in the same era.</p><br>
<p>For 1.5 mi the new highway averaged an elevation above the river of between 200 and 300 ft. The project was undertaken because it reportedly required less excavation and backfilling than that required to widen the lower roadway to four lanes. Funds for the project had been allocated by the state in 1924. Over a period of years the road was temporarily blocked by landslides on a number of occasions.</p><br>
<p>With the opening of the upper level, the lower highway was to be widened to 20 ft and carry only northbound traffic, while the upper level, also 20 ft wide, would carry southbound traffic.</p><br>
<p>Today the lower roadway appears on maps as a minor secondary road labeled "Old Route 9W." More than a mile of this route is now called the Jones Point Greenway and is used solely for pedestrian and bicycle traffic. The upper roadway is three lanes and additional blasting has evidently been completed in recent years.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural references</h2><br>
<p>In "The Storm-Ship", Washington Irving portrayed the Dunderberg as home of a malevolent imp, calling up storms against unwary sailors on the Hudson River. "The captains of the river craft talk of a little bulbous-bottomed Dutch goblin, in trunk hose and sugar-loafed hat, with a speaking trumpet in his hand, which they say keeps about the Dunderberg."</p><br>
<p>In the Irving story, skipper Ouselsticker, of Fishkill,—for all he had a parson on board,—was once beset by a heavy squall, and the goblin came out of the mist and sat astraddle of his bowsprit, seeming to guide his schooner straight toward the rocks. The dominie chanted the song of Saint Nicolaus, and the goblin, unable to endure either its spiritual potency or the worthy parsons singing, shot upward like a ball and rode off on the gale, carrying with him the nightcap of the parsons wife, which he hung on the weathercock of Esopus steeple, forty miles away.</p><br>
<p>Subsequent folklore apparently built on the Irving story suggests the goblin is imprisoned in Kingston&#39;s Old Dutch Church</p><br>
<p>The New York-built, Civil War-era ironclad took her name from this peak.</p><br>
<p>The Mahwah River is a tributary of the Ramapo River in Rockland County, New York and Bergen County, New Jersey in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The Mahwah River runs on a meandering SSW course for about 11 mi (18 km) from its headwaters just north of the hamlet of Ladentown, New York to its mouth which empties into the Ramapo River in Mahwah, New Jersey, just south of the village of Suffern, New York, and the state line. Its course runs along the length of the Ramapo geologic fault on the eastern edge of Harriman State Park and below the face of the Ramapo Mountain escarpment. Numerous brooks and streams flowing out of the Ramapo Mountains to the west feed the river as it runs south. For most of its length the river&#39;s course is roughly paralleled by USA Route 202.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Just south of its source at the foot of Lime Kiln Mountain, the Mahwah passes through the Ladentown Swamp, an extensive wetland area that is one of the last unspoiled aquifers in Rockland County, New York. As it runs south, the river&#39;s course is interrupted by numerous dams forming ponds and small lakes. At a number of points, it runs through woodlands and remains in its original natural condition.</p><br>
<p>Approximately 4.5 mi (7.2 km) south of its source the river passes under Sky Meadow Lane and shortly thereafter enters a stretch where it is surrounded by Harriman State Park on both sides. Just south of this the river passes through Kakiat County Park and just beyond the park it passes under Route 202 from west to east.</p><br>
<p>Farther south the river enters Antrim Lake and immediately thereafter it passes under the New York State Thruway, flows through Suffern, south across the state boundary and into the Ramapo River in the town of Mahwah.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife species</h2><br>
<p>The Mahwah harbors a population of fish species, including brook trout, brown trout, largemouth bass, pickerel, catfish, bluegills, suckers, and chubbs. It also hosts waterfowl species, including wood duck in its northern reaches, mallards and Canadian geese throughout its length. Muskrats, beavers and an occasional otter are seen plying its waters as well. Pileated woodpeckers, wild turkey, whitetailed deer, black bear and coyotes are common in the surrounding woodlands and mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Flooding</h2><br>
<p>In the Squires Gate section of Suffern there have been significant episodes of flooding during heavy rainfall. There is debate among local politicians and citizens over the best way to remediate the problem.</p><br>
<h2>Overdevelopment concerns</h2><br>
<p>Recent down-zoning ordinances pushed by local politicians, which allow for high density development in the vicinity of the river, have tripped off a firestorm of protest by local citizens and precipitated the creation of community action groups dedicated to protecting the Mahwah and its watershed against overdevelopment.</p><br>
<p>Newlands Forest is a conservancy area on the eastern slopes of Table Mountain, beside the suburb of Newlands, Cape Town. It is owned and maintained by the Table Mountain National Parks Board, along with the City Parks Department of Cape Town, and includes a Fire Station, Nursery and Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The forest itself is a popular walking and jogging destination (See trail map below), close and easily accessible from the city&#39;s southern suburbs. Due to its location on the mountain slopes, there are impressive views eastward over the Cape Flats.</p><br>
<h2>Flora & Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Newlands Forest lies at a natural transition zone between endangered Granite Fynbos and Peninsula Shale Fynbos, in an area that also originally supported large indigenous forests.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1800s, much of the indigenous forests were felled, and the fynbos cleared, to make way for commercial pine plantations, which still remain and account for the remainder of the land.</p><br>
<h3>Peninsula Granite Fynbos</h3><br>
<p>This is an endangered vegetation type, which can still be found on the southern edges of Newlands Forest. This ecosystem is endemic to the city of Cape Town and occurs nowhere else in the world.</p><br>
<p>Existing only on the Cape Granite Formation, it naturally assumes the form of medium-dense tree vegetation, dominated by a variety of Protea and daisy species. The striking and iconic Silvertree grows in this vegetation type and a small population of these massive proteas can still be seen at Newlands forest. Historically this ecosystem supported a great many wild animals and there are at least 9 plant species which occur nowhere else in the world.</p><br>
<p>This vegetation is severely threatened, mainly by invasive alien plants. A total of 13 of this ecosystem&#39;s plant species are classed as endangered, two of them critically. One local species, the Wynberg Conebush, is now extinct.</p><br>
<p>Leucadendron grandiflorum (The Wynberg Conebush, a tall protea that is now extinct)</p><br>
<p>Hermannia micrantha (Small-flowered Dolls Rose, a flowering shrub)</p><br>
<p>Gnidia parvula (Small-flowered Saffron Bush, a low shrub)</p><br>
<p>Cliffortia carinata (Crown Climbers Friend)</p><br>
<p>Polycarena silenoides (Granite Cape Flax, a small herb)</p><br>
<p>Erepsia patula (The Spreading Ever-fig, a succulent shrub)</p><br>
<p>Lampranthus curvifolius (Bakoven Brightfig, succulent)</p><br>
<p>Aristea pauciflora (The Unistem Aristea, a geophytic herb)</p><br>
<p>Willdenowia affinis (The Table Mountain Window Reed, a graminoid)</p><br>
<h3>Peninsula Shale Fynbos</h3><br>
<p>This is actually a type of Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos, which is mainly found far to the east of Cape Town in the "Boland" region. The patch that occurs around Newlands Forest is a natural outlier, isolated in the middle of Cape Town.</p><br>
<p>The soils are naturally poor and slightly acidic but the biodiversity is incredibly rich. The vegetation consists of a diverse array of Protea, Erica, geophyte and daisy species, as well as some endemic species.</p><br>
<p>In the moister areas, the Ericas predominate over the other plant groups.</p><br>
<p>Along with the Granite Fynbos, this is by far the most diverse and richest in species of the ecosystems at Newlands Forest. As it typically grows on lower mountain slopes, which tend to be developed for housing or cultivated for farming, this vegetation is incredibly vulnerable. A total of 23 of this ecosystem&#39;s plant species are officially threatened, 7 of which are classified as endangered.</p><br>
<h3>Indigenous Afrotemperate Forest</h3><br>
<p>Newlands Forest lies in an area that used to naturally support large, dense, shady indigenous forests.</p><br>
<p>Such forests proliferated on the Cape Peninsula in areas that were partially or totally protected from seasonal fires. Wherever fires are naturally more frequent, the forests give way to various types of fynbos. However, the streams and kloofs of Newlands ensure that fires are relatively infrequent here.</p><br>
<p>Several patches of indigenous forest survive at Newlands, mostly higher up the mountainside where historically they were safer from logging.</p><br>
<p>Mature examples of this forest are dominated by several species of massive tree which compose the tallest canopy; smaller trees which form lower layers of foliage; and a variety of ferns, herbs, bushes, bulbs, vines and lianas (e.g. Asparagus scandens, Rhoicissus tomentosa).</p><br>
<p>Though not as rich in biodiversity as the various types of Cape Fynbos, these woodlands still contain a wide variety of plants and animals, some of which occur nowhere else in the world.</p><br>
<p>The Newlands Forest Nursery is engaged in a project to grow indigenous trees and plant them out, with the aim of eventually rehabilitating the original forests.</p><br>
<p>The major threats come from invasive alien plants such as Australian Cheesewood, Bugweed, Black Wattle, Lantana, Privet and Pine trees. Indigenous afrotemperate forests such as those at Newlands have a significant socio-economic value, due to their use for recreation such as hiking, their role in preserving the Western Cape&#39;s water supply, and their natural production of an enormous range of medicinal plants.Campbell, B.M. & Moll, E.J. 1976. The forest communities of Table Mountain, South Africa. In: Ecological</p><br>
<p>status of Table Mountain, Univ. of Cape Town, Rondebosch.</p><br>
<p>Podocarpus falcatus (Outeniqua Yellowwood)</p><br>
<p>Podocarpus latifolius (Real Yellowwood)</p><br>
<p>Apodytes dimidiata (White Pear)</p><br>
<p>Brabejum stellatifolium (Cape Wild Almond)</p><br>
<p>Buddleja saligna (False Olive)</p><br>
<p>Celtis africana (White Stinkwood)</p><br>
<p>Chionanthus foveolatus (Pock Ironwood)</p><br>
<p>Curtisia dentata (Assegai tree)</p><br>
<p>Diospyros whyteana (Bladdernut Tree)</p><br>
<p>Dodonaea viscosa (Hopbush)</p><br>
<p>Grewia occidentalis (Cross-berry tree)</p><br>
<p>Gymnosporia heterophylla (Common Spike-thorn)</p><br>
<p>Halleria lucida (Notsung)</p><br>
<p>Hartogiella schinoides (Spoonwood)</p><br>
<p>Ilex mitis (Cape Holly)</p><br>
<p>Kiggelaria africana (Wild Peach)</p><br>
<p>Maytenus acuminata (Silky bark tree)</p><br>
<p>Maytenus oleoides (Mountain Maytenus)</p><br>
<p>Cassine peragua (Forest Spoonwood)</p><br>
<p>Canthium inerme (Turkeyberry tree)</p><br>
<p>Cunonia capensis (Butterspoon tree)</p><br>
<p>Ocotea bullata (Black Stinkwood)</p><br>
<p>Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa (Ironwood tree)</p><br>
<p>Olinia ventosa (Hard Pear)</p><br>
<p>Cyathea capensis (Forest Tree Fern)</p><br>
<p>Cyathea dregei (Common Tree Fern)</p><br>
<p>Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus (Candlewood)</p><br>
<p>Rapanea melanophloeos (Cape Beech)</p><br>
<p>Tarchonanthus camphoratus (Camphor Tree)</p><br>
<p>Virgilia (Blossom Tree)</p><br>
<h3>Pine and Gum plantations</h3><br>
<p>In Newlands Forest, there are also 2 types of commercial plantation, Pines (Pinus radiata, Pinus pinaster) from Europe and America, and Gums (Eucalyptus lehmannii) from Australia.</p><br>
<p>Over many decades, large swaths of the Cape Peninsula were cleared of their indigenous vegetation types to make way for commercial logging, and these two species were imported and cultivated en masse to supply the Cape timber industry. These species were chosen for their fast growth, the quality of their wood and their straight uniform growth which made them easy to harvest. However, they rapidly spread and became invasive.</p><br>
<p>When the logging was eventually stopped, the final crop of trees was allowed to remain un-harvested, and today forms an important recreational area for the inhabitants of the surrounding suburbs.</p><br>
<p>Both the pines and the eucalyptus("gum") trees are Category 2 invasive weeds. They rapidly seed into the surrounding indigenous forests and fynbos, then gradually outgrow and kill these ecosystems. Consequently, on-going maintenance is necessary, to keep these invasive trees contained within the plantations.</p><br>
<p>In addition, the leaf-litter of pines and gums changes the pH of the surrounding soil, poisoning other plant life. The trees may have evolved this feature to kill competing plants, and it is so effective that pine or gum forests in southern Africa eventually turn into monocultures or "green deserts". Consequently, there is also a policy in place to regularly "thin" the remaining plantations, in order that some other species can survive in between the pines.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original inhabitants of the area were the Khoi-khoi, who migrated and herded their cattle over much of what is now the city of Cape Town.</p><br>
<p>Jan van Riebeeck (the first Dutch governor of the Cape Colony) came across the extensive indigenous forests on the eastern slopes of Table Mountain and called them collectively "Boschenheuwel". Due to the need for timber, the local afro-temperate forests were, by the late seventeenth century, being severely over-exploited, and the colonial government issued a series of (largely ineffectual) laws to protect the forests. By the close of the eighteenth century most were gone, excepting a few pockets on the steep upper slopes of the mountain.Immelman, Wicht and Ackerman. 1973. Our Green Heritage. The South African Book of</p><br>
<p>Trees. Tafelberg, Cape Town.</p><br>
<p>As indigenous wood supplies declined, the authorities decided to clear the eastern slopes of Table Mountain for commercial plantations. Fast-growing tree species such as Eucalyptus and Pinus radiata were chosen, and imported for cultivation. These trees also had the advantage of being tall, uniform and straight – all the more suitable for efficient logging.Zahn, G A & Neethling B A. 1926. Notes on the Exotic trees in the Cape Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>South African Journal of Science. Vol 26:211–234.</p><br>
<p>The two World Wars each caused a boom in the timber industry and the size of the forests grew. After the subsequent decline in Cape Town&#39;s logging industry, some of the plantations were removed to allow for the return of the original natural vegetation. In other places such as Newlands Forest, the final crop was allowed to remain, unharvested, and the area recently took on a new function as a recreational area.Campbell, B M & Moll, E J. 1977. The Forest Communities of Table Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Vegetatio Vol 34, 2:105–115</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and Infrastructure</h2><br>
<p>The Fire Station operates emergency bushfire operations from the Newlands base, running water dumps with three helicopters. The Fire Station also serves as the Headquarters of the growing Volunteer Wildfire Services (VWS) fire fighting group.</p><br>
<p>The City Parks Nursery (See Map Image) is maintained and run to supply the public areas of Cape Town with a wide range of flora. Including four large green houses and a large expanse of growing land, the City Parks team grow a wide range of plants to be used in the Centre Islands of Cape Towns highways and public service areas.</p><br>
<p>It has also recently begun a project to grow and reintroduce indigenous species of tree to Newlands Forest, with the long-term aim of rehabilitating the original afro-temperate forests.</p><br>
<p>The Newlands Reservoir (See Map Image) was built in the 60&#39;s by the then Afrikaans Government. A tribute to South African engineering and construction of the time, it serves as the main potable water source to the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town. Water is stored, treated and distributed from this site.</p><br>
<p>Also included in the conservancy land are a number of Council Houses owned by the City Parks Board. Of the eight houses, one is particularly well known for its classical design and scenic location. The original building, constructed in 1965, underwent minor alterations between 2000–2003. However a large part of the original building was maintained.</p><br>
<p>The home, affectionately known by residents as "The Reservoir", has been home to a few well known Cape Town residents since it was built. Perhaps the best known resident being Father Kevin Robarts, a popular figure well known in the Newlands Parish. Since Father Robarts&#39; passing in late 2007, the house has been maintained by his remaining family. In 2010, Father Pearce took over from the Father Robarts officially. Father Pearce has long been known in the region for accompanying his sermons with his guitar playing. On 1 January 2010, to mark the occasion of being appointed as the parish leader officially, Father Pearce is said to have walked the entire length and breadth of the forest, blessing it as he went.</p><br>
<p>The Ossian H. Sweet House is a privately owned house located at 2905 Garland Street in Detroit, Michigan. Designed by Maurice Herman Finkel, the residence&#39;s second owner was physician Ossian Sweet, an African-American, and the site of a confrontation in 1925 between the Sweet family and a mob attempting to force them out of the predominantly white neighborhood. The house was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1975 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Ossian Sweet</h2><br>
<p>Ossian Sweet was born in Florida and received a medical degree from Howard University. He practiced medicine briefly in Detroit, then continued his medical studies in Vienna and Paris before returning to Detroit in 1924 to accept a position at Dunbar Hospital. He began saving money for a home, and by the spring of the next year had saved $3500. Sweet used the $3500 as a down payment on a $18,500 house located on Garland Street in east Detroit.</p><br>
<h2>The Ossian Sweet House</h2><br>
<p>The house Sweet purchased is a 1½-story brick house, built in 1919, and is typical of many homes in working-class Detroit neighborhoods. It is a Bungalow-style structure with a full basement, an open porch on the first floor, and an enclosed sun porch on the south side. The second story is covered with brown shingling, and atop the house is a simple gable roof with a central dormer. The house is enclosed by an unpainted silver aluminum fence.</p><br>
<p>The house is located on the corner of Garland and Charlevoix, in what was at the time an all-white neighborhood. Sweet chose a home in an all-white neighborhood because housing options in black neighborhoods were in general substandard, and he wanted better housing accommodations for his wife and daughter.</p><br>
<h2>September 1925</h2><br>
<p>Ossian Sweet and his wife, Gladys, moved into the house on September 8, 1925. A group of neighbors in the community, aware of Sweets imminent arrival, had vowed to keep blacks out of the neighborhood, stating that they intended to maintain "the present high standards of the neighborhood." Sweet knew of the neighbors antipathy (telling his brother that he was "prepared to die like a man"), and arranged for some friends and relatives to stay with him for a few days. He also brought along guns and ammunition.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood was tense, and groups of people gathered outside Sweet&#39;s home. The Detroit Police, sensing a grave situation, posted officers at the scene day and night. The following day, September 9, Sweet and his friends went to work. When they returned, the crowd had grown into a mob, throwing rocks and bottles. A Detroit News reporter, Philip A. Adler, later testified that the mob consisted of "400 and 500" people, throwing stones that hit the house "like hail." This lasted until around 10pm, when shots rang out from the second-floor window, killing one of the men in the crowd and wounding another. The police arrested all the occupants of the house, charging each with murder.</p><br>
<h2>Aftermath</h2><br>
<p>The NAACP promised to help the defense, and brought in Clarence Darrow as chief counsel. He was assisted by Arthur Garfield Hays and Walter M. Nelson. Frank Murphy was the presiding judge. The jury consisted of twelve white men. Despite this, Darrow built an impressive case arguing self-defense, and the case ended in a hung jury. The prosecution retried a single defendant, Ossian&#39;s brother Henry, but the second trial ended in an acquittal. The verdict in this case was not guilty, and no further effort was made to prosecute Ossian Sweet or the other defendants.</p><br>
<p>After the trials, Ossian Sweet rented the home on Garland to a white couple until 1930, when he moved back into the house. However, both his wife and two-year-old daughter Iva died of tuberculosis in 1926. Sweet remarried twice, but divorced each time. In 1946, he sold the house, moving into the flat above a pharmacy he owned. In 1960, Sweet took his own life.</p><br>
<p>A state of Michigan historical marker stands in front of the house at 2905 Garland.</p><br>
<p>Mount Wycheproof is a hill in the small town of Wycheproof, Victoria, Australia, which stands at 43 m above the surrounding terrain The township of Wycheproof is located on the hillside, and a unique geological substance known as Wycheproofite is exclusive to the local area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The township of Wycheproof is located on the hills south western slopes The settlement was started as early as 1846, but the township was not surveyed until 1875. The name Wycheproof originates from the local Aboriginal language, wichi-poorp, meaning grass on a hill&#39;. The hill plays a role in the local community, with annual races to the hilltop. There are many walking tracks in the area, and local wildlife such as emus and kangaroos can be seen.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Mount Wycheproof is a granite outcrop. Located in a flat grassland area, the rounded terrain of Mount Wycheproof is consistent with that of the surrounding area. Sharing several similarities to nearby Pyramid Hill, Mount Wycheproof is part of the low-lying Terrick Terrick range. The hill is characterised by a rocky, conical peak, common in the western areas of Victoria. yet the Wycheproof area is known to have its own unique mineral, known as Wycheproofite. Wycheproofite can be characterised by its pinkish colour and its transparency.</p><br>
<p>The Île Barbe is an island situated in the middle of the Saône, in the 9th arrondissement de Lyon, the quartier Saint-Rambert-lÎle-Barbe . Its name comes from the Latin insula barbara, "Barbarians&#39; Island", suggesting that it was one of the last locales to be occupied .</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>An abbaye was founded on the island in the 5th century. This was the first monastic establishment in the Lyon region and one of the oldest in all of Gaul. Charlemagne gave it a beautiful library.</p><br>
<p>The monastery, pillaged several times – (in 676 and 725 by the Saracens, and in 937 by the Huns), adopted the Rule of Saint Benedict règle de saint Benoît in the 9th century and gradually was enriched.</p><br>
<p>In 816, Louis the Pious (Louis le Pieux) awarded to the monastery:</p><br>
<p>the right to maintain at all time three boats upon the Saône, the Rhône and the Doubs exempt from taxes for passage</p><br>
<p>a decree of immunity and protection for the monastery confirmed by Charles the Bald Charles le Chauve in 861.</p><br>
<p>At the beginning of the 16th century, the abbey passed into the ownership commende of the bénéfice of the Albon family famille d&#39;Albon.</p><br>
<p>In 1549, the abbey was secularised and the monts became a college of canons chanoines (collégiale).</p><br>
<p>In 1562, it was looted and burned by Protestant troops troupes protestantes of the Baron des Adrets baron des Adrets.</p><br>
<p>The chapter of canons chapitre des chanoines finally was suppressed in 1741, and an establishment for aged or infirm priests was established, which was suppressed in its turn in 1783. At the Revolution, everything remaining on the island was sold and dispersed.</p><br>
<p>Porte Sainte-Anne à l&#39;île Barbe.jpgPorte Sainte-Anne illustrated by Joannès Drevet (1854–1940).</p><br>
<p>Île Barbe Lyon 18xx.jpgL&#39;Île-Barbe at the beginning of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Ile barbe à Lyon.jpgThe Ile barbe at Lyon today.</p><br>
<h3>The first bridge</h3><br>
<p>In the 17th century, or in 1734, the architect Cotton constructed a wooden bridge which provided access to the Ile Barbe In 1827, a suspension bridge replaced it (it is the oldest in Lyon still in service). It is reached from the passerelle Masaryk and the passerelle Saint-Vincent), crossing the island at the level of its southern point and permitting the juncture of the left and right banks of the Saône, the villages of Saint-Rambert (today Lyon 9) and of Caluire-et-Cuire. For more information about this suspension bridge one may consult the page here dedicated to Bridges of Lyon Ponts de Lyon. During the years 1870–1880, three well-reputed rowing clubs were located here: the Aviron Club de Lyon-Caluire, the Aviron Union Nautique de Lyon (6 club français) and the Cercle de l&#39;Aviron de Lyon (5 club français).</p><br>
<h2>List of abbots and church figures</h2><br>
<p>2??–???: Dorothée</p><br>
<p>???–???: Philetus</p><br>
<p>???–???: Julien</p><br>
<p>???–???: Christophe</p><br>
<p>???–???: Antoine I</p><br>
<p>???–???: Martin</p><br>
<p>???–???: Aigobert</p><br>
<p>???–???: Astorg I</p><br>
<p>???–???: Maxime</p><br>
<p>???–???: Ambroise</p><br>
<p>???–???: Loup</p><br>
<p>???–???: Maximin</p><br>
<p>???–???: Bligigaire</p><br>
<p>???–???: Vinfrid</p><br>
<p>???–???: Rotfred</p><br>
<p>???–???: Garland</p><br>
<p>???–???: Licinius</p><br>
<p>???–???: saint Benoît I</p><br>
<p>???–???: Campion</p><br>
<p>???–???: Alaric</p><br>
<p>???–???: Bartholomée</p><br>
<p>???–???: Argeric</p><br>
<p>???–861: Herbert</p><br>
<p>861–8??: Gundramnus</p><br>
<p>8??–8??: Norbert</p><br>
<p>8??–8??: Varengard</p><br>
<p>8??–876: Garlarin</p><br>
<p>876–8??: Léobon</p><br>
<p>8??–???: Astorg II</p><br>
<p>???–???: Étienne</p><br>
<p>???–???: Elgedis</p><br>
<p>???–???: Antoine II</p><br>
<p>???–???: Halinand</p><br>
<p>???–???: Romuald</p><br>
<p>???–???: Eudes</p><br>
<p>???–971: Cumanus</p><br>
<p>971–994: Heldebert</p><br>
<p>994–1007: Benoît II</p><br>
<p>1007–1008: Bernard</p><br>
<p>1008–1055: Garnier</p><br>
<p>1055–1070: Humbert</p><br>
<p>1070–10??: Ogier</p><br>
<p>10??–1096: Clément</p><br>
<p>1096–1116: Guy I</p><br>
<p>1116–1128: Girin I</p><br>
<p>1128–11??: Josserand</p><br>
<p>11??–11??: Hugues I</p><br>
<p>11??–11??: Olderic</p><br>
<p>11??–1150: Guillaume I</p><br>
<p>1150–1152: Girin II</p><br>
<p>1152–11??: Saturnin</p><br>
<p>11??–1168: Vicard</p><br>
<p>1161: Hugues de Tournon "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1168–1183: Hugues II</p><br>
<p>1183–1198: Guichard, abbé</p><br>
<p>1198–1200: Gaucerand</p><br>
<p>1200–1222: Guy II</p><br>
<p>1222–1224: Bermond</p><br>
<p>1224–1243: Guillaume II de Jarez</p><br>
<p>1243–1245: Foulques</p><br>
<p>1245–1246: Omer</p><br>
<p>1246–1250: Pierre I</p><br>
<p>1349: Zacharie de Talaru "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1250: Hugues de Varennes "Moine & Cellerier"</p><br>
<p>1250–1261: Geoffroy de Vertelay</p><br>
<p>1256: Zacharie de Talaru "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1261: Humbert de Vassailleu "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1261–1270: Pierre II de Vertelay</p><br>
<p>1270–1296: Girin III de Sartines</p><br>
<p>1272: Aymon de Vaux "Prieur Claustral"</p><br>
<p>de 1284 à 1440: Hugues, Jean, Pierre & Pierre puis Claude de Roncherol "Moines"</p><br>
<p>1284: Robert de Ryon "Religieux"</p><br>
<p>1296–1322: André de Marzé</p><br>
<p>1300: Estienne de Vego "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1309: Guigues de Roussillon "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1322–1329: Béraud I de Mercœur</p><br>
<p>1329–1334: Pons de Guizeu</p><br>
<p>1334–13??: Raymond de Beaufort</p><br>
<p>13??–13??: Béraud II de La Baume</p><br>
<p>13??–1345: Galbald</p><br>
<p>1345–134?: Simon de Gillans</p><br>
<p>134?–1350: Bégon de Brossan</p><br>
<p>1350–1354: Jean I Pilus-Fortis de Rabastens</p><br>
<p>1354–1372: Guillaume III de Landore</p><br>
<p>1372–1394: Pierre III de Villette</p><br>
<p>1383: Pierre de Verriere "Aumosnier"</p><br>
<p>1394–1400: Jean II de Sonhetto</p><br>
<p>1400–1428: Pierre IV de Thurey</p><br>
<p>1401: Pierre de Verriere "Aumosnier"</p><br>
<p>1411: Faucerand du Saix "Religieux"</p><br>
<p>1419: Antoine de Salornay "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1421: Faucerand du Saix "Religieux"</p><br>
<p>1421: Jean Rostain "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1428–1436: Aynard de Cordon</p><br>
<p>1436: Durand Vert "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1436: Berno de Vienne "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1436: Durand Vignols "Religieux"</p><br>
<p>1436–1458: Claude I de Sotizon</p><br>
<p>1451: Antoine de Rochefort la Valette "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1452: Jean de Vaugrigneuse "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1453: Eustache de Vaugrigneuse "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1453: Aynard de Villeneufve "Chantre"</p><br>
<p>1455: Guillaume de la Sale "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1458–1485: Edouard de Messey</p><br>
<p>1464: André le Viste "Religieux"</p><br>
<p>1485-1488: cardinal Charles de Bourbon</p><br>
<p>1488–1500: Henri de Seylac</p><br>
<p>1500: Philibert Rosset "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1507: Guyllaume de Villeneufve "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1500–1515: Antoine III d’Albon de Saint-André</p><br>
<p>1500: Jacques de Sassenage "Religieux"</p><br>
<p>1505: Guillaume de Semur "Religieux & Chamarier"</p><br>
<p>1515–1525: Antoine IV d’Albon de Saint-Forgeul</p><br>
<p>1525–1562: Antoine V d’Albon de Saint-Forgeul</p><br>
<p>1550: Claude Sautreau "Moine & Chantre"</p><br>
<p>1551: Fleury de Salemard "Religieux Cloistrier"</p><br>
<p>1551: Louis Vallier "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1551: Antoine de Vauselles "Moine"</p><br>
<p>1562–1599: Pierre V d’Espignac</p><br>
<p>1599–1609: Jean III de Châtillon</p><br>
<p>1606–1613: Claude II de Nérestang</p><br>
<p>1616–1620: Antoine VI de Nérestang</p><br>
<p>1620–1693: Camille de Neufville de Villeroy</p><br>
<p>1630–1660: Claude Le Laboureur, prévôt du chapitre</p><br>
<p>1693–1741: Antoine VII de Thélis de Saint-Cyr de Valorges</p><br>
<p>Source: Gallia Christiana</p><br>
<h2>Possessions of the abbey</h2><br>
<p>Partial list of possessions held in its own name or in-fief by the abbey:</p><br>
<h3>Lyonnais</h3><br>
<p>fief et terres de Pollet, près Villefranche</p><br>
<p>château de Lignieux, à Saint-Jean-de-Thurigneux (1186–1665)</p><br>
<p>château de Miribel, à Miribel</p><br>
<h3>Jarez</h3><br>
<p>Celle Saint-Martin de Firminy (971)</p><br>
<p>Église Saint-Pierre "in Amodo" (Saint-Chamond?) (971)</p><br>
<p>Église de Tartaras (1168–1183 – c. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Église de Saint-Romain-en-Jarez (1168–1183 – c. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Église de Saint-Paul-en-Cornillon (1225)</p><br>
<p>La chapelle de Grangent (1183)</p><br>
<p>Grangent-castle.jpgChapelle et château de Grangent.</p><br>
<p>Église Saint-Julien de la Tour-en-Jarez (1183), dépendant de Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire (c. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Église Saint-Martin de la Fouillouse (1183), dépendant de Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire (c. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Église de Bouthéon (1183), dépendant de Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire (c. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Église Saint-Clément du Chambon-Feugerolles (1183), dépendant de Saint-Martin de Firminy</p><br>
<p>St-Clément (Chambon-Feugerolles).JPGL&#39;église Saint-Clément au Chambon-Feugerolles.</p><br>
<p>Église de Saint-Laurent-d&#39;Agny, dépendant de Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire (c. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Église de Thurins, dépendant de Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire (c. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Église de Veauche, dépendant de Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire (c. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Église de Saint-Héand, dépendant de Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire (c. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Église de Chevrières, dépendant de Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire (c. 1225)</p><br>
<h3>Forez</h3><br>
<p>Léglise Saint-André de Occiaco (monastère de Saint-Rambert) (971), les églises Saint-Côme (971) et Saint-Damien (1183) jusquà Noailleux (971)</p><br>
<p>Église_Saint_André_(Saint_Rambert)-Tour_du_Prieuré_(cour).jpgÉglise de (Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire).</p><br>
<p>La Celle-Saint-Martin en Forez et église Saint-Bonnet de Cléppé (971)</p><br>
<p>Eglise Sainte-Marie de Cottance (971)</p><br>
<p>Église Sainte-Marie-Madeleine du château de Saint-Germain-Laval (1183)</p><br>
<p>Église Sainte-Foy-Saint-Sulpice (1183)</p><br>
<p>Ste_Foy-St-Sulpice_(Loire,_Fr),_la_chapelle_St.Sulpice.JPGChapelle Sainte-Foy-Saint-Sulpice.</p><br>
<p>Ste-Foye-St-Sulpice,_état_délabré_de_la_chapelle_St.Sulpice.JPGSte-Foy-St-Sulpice, état délabré de la chapelle.</p><br>
<p>Église de Magneux-Haute-Rive (1183)</p><br>
<p>Église de Mizérieux (1183)</p><br>
<p>Église de Marclopt (1183) dépendant de Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire (v. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Marclopt.JPGL&#39;église Saint-Martin de Marclopt</p><br>
<p>Église de Sainte-Agathe (Sainte-Agathe-la-Bouteresse?) (1183)</p><br>
<p>Église de Civens (1183)</p><br>
<p>Église de Châtelus (1183) dépendant de Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire (v. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Église du Sury-le-Comtal (1183)</p><br>
<p>Église de Saint-Romain-le-Vieux (Chazelles-sur-Lyon, aujourd&#39;hui hameau "La Tour") (1183)</p><br>
<p>Église de Chambles (1183), dépendant de Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire (v. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Chambles-Tour_et_escalier.jpgLa Tour et l&#39;église de Chambles.</p><br>
<p>Église de "Benerone" (Bonson) (1183), dépendant de Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire (v. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Bonson-20110209-Chapelle_Notre-Dame.jpgChapelle Notre-Dame de Bonson.</p><br>
<p>Église de Saint-Just-sur-Loire (1183)</p><br>
<p>Église Saint-Romain de Jonzieux (1183)</p><br>
<p>Église de Saint-Bonnet-le-Château, dépendant de Saint-Rambert-sur-Loire (v. 1225)</p><br>
<p>Sainte-Croix-en-Jarez (1280)</p><br>
<p>Villa de Triols (Luriecq) (1283)</p><br>
<h2>The Ile today</h2><br>
<p>In the 21st century, the abbey consists of nothing more than the Romanesque église romane Notre-Dame. Only the northern part of the Ile may be visited (about one-half of the island) which consists of old private homes and a few vestiges of religious buildings. One also may find a gastronomic restaurant, of the chain Relais & Châteaux, the « Auberge de lÎle ». Also intact are some remains of a lodging reconstructed in about 1840 as the château de Saint-Rambert-lIle-Barbe or château du Fresnes, also the château du Chastelard of the 15th century, reconstructed in the 16th century.</p><br>
<p>A dwelling place for several persons, posh and privileged, the Ile is reached by a 10-minute bus ride from the gare de Vaise (bus TCL 31 et 43 côté Lyon-St Rambert), and 15 minutes from the Place Bellecour (bus TCL 40 côté Caluire).</p><br>
<p>The Ile is composed of a public part – terrains for pétanque, a large lawn, a childrens playground – and a private part reached via two roads, limpasse Saint-Loup for reaching the Auberge and the chemin du Bas-Port leading to the Saône).</p><br>
<p>These two paths are not joined, the impasse Saint-Loup ends at the door to a private courtyard.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Lignes de bus</p><br>
<p>Stations Vélo&#39;v: Île Barbe</p><br>
<p>The Princess Anne Historic District is located in Princess Anne the county seat of Somerset County, Maryland on Maryland&#39;s Eastern Shore. There has been little change due to industry or other development, and the town retains much of its historic character since its founding in the early 18th century. It has been the governmental center since the county was formed in 1742 and the present courthouse is one of the most architecturally distinguished in the state. Within the historic district are a few pre-Revolutionary structures, a high concentration of Federal and Victorian architecture, vernacular dwellings as well as 19th and early-20th century commercial and public buildings. The district contains approximately 270 structures of which nearly 90 percent are contributing to the character of the district.</p><br>
<p>Among the contributing structures are:</p><br>
<p>Beckford Avenue Tenant Houses (c.1870)</p><br>
<p>Boxwood Gardens (c.1850)</p><br>
<p>Charles Jones House (c.1780)</p><br>
<p>Colonel George Handy House (1805–06)</p><br>
<p>John W. Crisfield House ("Somerset House") (c.1852 and earlier)</p><br>
<p>Linden Hill (c.1750, c.1835)</p><br>
<p>Littleton Long House (c.1830) (See )</p><br>
<p>Nutter&#39;s Purchase (c.1800)</p><br>
<p>St. Andrews Episcopal Church (1767–73, 1859, 1896)</p><br>
<p>Teackle Gatehouse (c.1805)</p><br>
<p>Washington Hotel (c.1797, 1838)</p><br>
<p>William Geddes House () (c.1755)</p><br>
<p>William W. Johnston House (c.1834-35)</p><br>
<p>Woolford-Elzey House (c.1788, c.1840)</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Manokin Presbyterian Church is a historic church located in Princess Anne, Somerset County, Maryland. It is a -story brick structure with a three-story entrance tower on the east end. The walls of the main section were built in 1765, and the tower was added in 1888. It is one of the first organized Presbyterian Churches established in America. In 1672, a group of Scotch-Irish Presbyterians who had settled on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, petitioned the Grand Jury of Somerset County for a civil permit to hold services of worship and to have their own minister. The permission was granted, and Robert Maddox was called by the Grand Jury to preach on the third Sunday of each month, at the home of Christopher Nutter, at the head of the Manokin River, the present site. In 1680 a request was sent by Colonel Stevens of Rehobeth to the Presbytery at Laggan, Ireland, for an ordained minister, and three years later, in answer to that request, the Reverend Francis Makemie, a 25-year-old, recently ordained minister, arrived in Somerset County. Under his leadership, this church, and those at Rehobeth, Pitts Creek, Snow Hill, and Wicomico were organized.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Chogray Reservoir  is an artificial reservoir on the East Manych River on the border of Stavropol Krai and Kalmykia in southern Russia.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir, 49 km long, was constructed in 1969-1973, primarily to satisfy the demands of local irrigated farming.</p><br>
<p>Its area is 185 square km, volume 0.7 cubic km. Besides capturing water naturally brought by the tributaries of the East Manych River, the reservoir receives water from the Terek River and the Kuma River over the Kuma-Manych Canal, which was completed a few years before the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Later on, another irrigation canal – the Chernyye Zemli Main Canal (Черноземельский магистральный канал, Chernozemelsky magistralny kanal) was built, taking water from the Chogray Reservoir further east and north, into Kalmykia.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, after almost 40 years of operation, the reservoir was reported as in dire need of maintenance, as were many other reservoirs of its age in the area. Under certain conditions the waters are polluted by blooms of toxic cyanobacteria (blue-gree algae).</p><br>
<p>As the East Manych (and, thus, the Chogray Reservoir) is not connected in a navigable way with any other body of water (although that may change if the Eurasia Canal is constructed), delivering a boat, or any other large floating installation to the Chogray Reservoir would be a non-trivial task. Such an operation was undertaken in 1976, when two large floating pumping units, weighing 320 and 280 metric tons, respectively, had to be delivered to the reservoir for use by the local irrigators. They were taken by boat from the Don up the West Manych River waterway to Lake Manych-Gudilo – the end of the existing navigable waterway, – from where they were transported 85 km overland using special heavy trailers. Thirty years later, that story was still remembered locally.</p><br>
<p>Bansaan is a boomerang-shaped island located in the off the mid-northern coast of Bohol Island. It is part of the municipality of Talibon, province.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Bansaan Island is located in the off the mid-northern coast of the main island of Bohol. It is located 7 km north of Talibon with an approximate geographic position at latitude 10˚13.0’ to 10˚13.5 and longitude 124˚18.5" to 124˚20.0. It is accessible by pump boat from Talibon on the mainland of Bohol.</p><br>
<h2>Physiography</h2><br>
<p>Bansaan, a boomerang-shaped island, is composed of raised coral reefs and part of the bigger Calituban reefs, a group of scattered and low-lying reefal islands located off the northwestern coast of Bohol Island. The highest elevation is 1.5 m above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Rainfall distribution</h2><br>
<p>The island falls under Coronas climate IV, where rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year. The highest observed average rainfall based from July 1975 to September 1984 records was observed in the month of June and the lowest was in April. The annual average rainfall was 1,136.2 mm.</p><br>
<h2>Biodiversity</h2><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>A total of 24 species of birds including 14 species of waders and 10 species of terrestrial birds were identified in Bansaan. The counts made during the visits in February and September 1991 confirm the importance of the island as a wintering area and stop over site for the waders during their northward and southward migration. Grey-tailed tattlers (Heteroscelus brevipes), grey plovers (Pluvialis squatarola), whimbrels (Numenius phaeopus), and common redshanks (Tringa totanus) constitute the largest numbers recorded.</p><br>
<p>A total of 35 species of marine mollusks were reported including 28 species of gastropods and 7 species of bivalves. Apparently all those species are edible, and are also used as raw materials in the shellcraft industry.</p><br>
<p>The preliminary entomological survey of Bansaan Island revealed a total of 16 species representing 6 orders and 16 families of insects. Of the 16 species, Order Diptera comprises the largest number of families. Orders Lepidoptera and Orthoptera ranked second with 3 families each, followed by Order Coleoptera having 2 families and the last were Orders Hemiptera and Hymenoptera with only one family each.</p><br>
<p>Leafminers, leaf beetles, loopers and leaftiers are pests on mangrove trees: Pongamia pinnata, Osbornia octodonta, Terminalia catappa, Excoecaria agallocha, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Lumnitzera littorea. Meadow grasshoppers, mole crickets, ants, and long-horned grasshoppers were found attacking some terrestrial plants and grasses.</p><br>
<p>Some insects were found to be pests to human. These include mosquitoes, houseflies, and small dungflies.</p><br>
<h2>Soil composition</h2><br>
<p>Beach sand and hydrosol are the dominant soil types of the island. Both soil types are characterized by high pH values with high amounts of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium which resulted to high salinity and electrical conductivity as well as base saturation of nearly 100%. Moreover, it was noted that most of the soils are coarse textured.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The whole island is composed of white coralline sands derived from the weathering of coral reefs. Based on the paleontological analyses of three selected samples, it showed a list of known microfossils identified as common in nearshore or shallow environment, typical in coral reef areas. Geological assessment of the island showed no mineral deposits worthy of exploitation.</p><br>
<p>The Raymond Railroad Depot is a historic former Boston and Maine railroad station at 1 Depot Street in the center of Raymond, New Hampshire. Built in 1893, it is one of the state&#39;s finest and least-altered 19th-century stations. It is presently operated by the Raymond Historical Society as a museum, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Raymond Railroad Depot is located in the town&#39;s village center, on the east side of Main Street between Depot Street and the former right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad Portsmouth Branch, now the Rockingham Recreational Trail. It is an oblong basically rectangular single-story wood frame structure, with a hip roof extending beyond the building dimensions to provide shelter on the adjacent platform areas. The roof is supported by chamfered square posts with sawn brackets, and also has exposed rafter ends as a decorative feature. The building is finished in a combination of wooden clapboards and scallop-cut shingles. There are several projecting sections, including the ticket booth on the track side of the building, where original semaphore signaling equipment is located. The interior of the building, adapted for use as a museum, retains significant features, including original benches in the waiting area, and gates separated the baggage area from the ticketing area.</p><br>
<p>Raymond was first served by a railroad in 1850, when the Portsmouth and Concord Railroad opened service. Its first station burned in 1878 and was soon rebuilt, but also burned in an 1892 fire that leveled much of the village center. The present building was built in 1893 by the Boston and Maine, which had acquired the Portsmouth and Concord. The Raymond Historical Society restored the depot building and keeps a locomotive, a boxcar, a caboose, and a work car on display nearby.</p><br>
<p>The Museum of Ceramics, formerly or also known as East Liverpool Post Office, is a ceramics museum that houses an extensive collection of ceramic wares produced in and around East Liverpool, Ohio, United States. The museum is operated by a Museum of Ceramics Foundation and by the Ohio Historical Society in a city long known as "America&#39;s Crockery City" and "The Pottery Capitol of the Nation."</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Museum of Ceramics is dedicated to the preservation of the rich pottery history of the East Liverpool area. During the late 19th century and early 20th century, the East Liverpool area produced over 50% of the nations ceramic output. Over 200 pottery factories have operated in and around East Liverpool, starting in the 1840s when the English potter James Bennett established the areas first commercial pottery. The main lobby displays a painting by Roland Schweinsburg, circa 1938, depicting the Bennett pottery. James Bennett was the elder brother of Edwin Bennett of Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>The museum contains the largest public display of Lotus Ware, an award-winning fine porcelain ware produced only for a short period in the 1890s by the Knowles, Taylor, Knowles pottery of East Liverpool. Also on display are collections of early Rockingham Pottery, ironstone, whiteware, yellow ware, and Victorian majolica. Other highlights are Homer Laughlins Fiesta dinnerware, Hall Chinas Donut teapot, and William Bloors 1860s Parian Ware, along with Craven Art Pottery vases. Related displays on East Liverpools social, political and economic history show the impact of the industry on the community and the nation.</p><br>
<p>Susan Weaver is Director of the Museum of Ceramics.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The museum occupies the former city post office, a Beaux-Arts structure designed by architect James Knox Taylor and built in 1909. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Campau House is a private residence located at 2910 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Joseph Campau House is a two-story house with a symmetrical three-bay façade; the exterior is faced with flush board siding on the front and clapboards on the other three sides. A porch, constructed in the 20th century, spans the front. The exterior is plain, with a pedimental window head center gabled second story window and a plain entablature board under the eaves as the only decorations.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The house is one of the oldest residences in Detroit. Although he never lived in this house, it was built on land that was originally part of the Joseph Campau farm, a large tract of land awarded to Joseph Campaus grandfather in 1734. Joseph Campau was among Detroits leading citizens and wealthiest landowners at the dawn of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Dollar Lake is a small tarn located on Aneroid Mountain in the Eagle Cap Wilderness of Northeastern Oregon, United States. It is between Aneroid Lake and Bonny Lakes and lies 1 mi southwest of Aneroid Peak. It likely received its name because of its size and its almost perfectly round shape, much like that of a silver dollar. It is the fifth-highest lake in the Eagle Cap Wilderness.</p><br>
<h2>Trail</h2><br>
<p>Dollar Lake can be accessed by Trail 1802. The route from Tenderfoot Trailhead or Tenderfoot Wagon Road Trail passes Bonny Lakes about 1.8 mi before reaching Dollar Pass, at 8,420 ft above sea level. Dollar Lake is off the trail, about 0.25 mi southwest of the pass. A navigation device such as a compass or a GPS is recommended.</p><br>
<p>The John N. Bagley House is a private residence located at 2921 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Bagley House is a two-and-one-half-story French Renaissance Revival mansion built of dark brick and brown stone. Evidence has revealed that the house was designed in the French Renaissance Revival style by the Detroit firm Rogers and MacFarlane, while it was previously believed to have been designed by Shepley, Rutan, and Coolidge of the Richardson firm since the family had hired Richardson to design the Bagley Memorial Fountain. The French Renaissance Revival style house has some similar application of materials of H. H. Richardsonian Romanesque. It has a massive gable roof and a tower with conical roof. The entrance is set into a round arch and the roof dormer features a bay window. The façade contains multiple surface and window treatment, including sculptural elements by Julius Melchers around the entrance.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The house, built in 1889 for John N. Bagley, son of former Michigan governor John J. Bagley, is among the oldest surviving nineteenth century French Renaissance Revival mansions in Detroit. This house is still one of the finest of Detroit&#39;s Richardsonian Romanesque houses.</p><br>
<p>The William H. Wells House is a private residence located at 2931 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This house was designed by architect William Henry Miller and constructed in 1889 by the Vinton company. At the time, the property was owned by the heirs of William Croul. William H. Wells, a partner in the law firm a partner in the law firm of Wells, Angell, Boynton and McMillan, moved into the house soon after it was constructed, and purchased it in 1900. After Wells&#39; death, his widow sold the house to Ella Barbour, who owned the house until 1949. The University of Detroit Alumni Association purchased the house in 1966 and donated it to the University of Detroit. The house went through a succession of owners, and was refurbished in 2000. Banyan Investments LLC purchsed the house in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The William H. Wells House is a two-and-one-half-story, 18,000 square feet The house is built on an irregular plan with an asymmetrical, picturesque composition. The entrance is within a projection, and a turret with a concave conical roof at one corner sits at one corner of the house. Other bays project randomly from the main structure. A 4500 square foot -story carriage house in red brick and clapboard was built at the rear of the house in 1891.</p><br>
<p>The house is significant as an outstanding example of Romanesque residential architecture in Detroit and for its association with architect William Henry Miller.</p><br>
<p>Stanley Lake is an alpine lake in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located at the base of the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lake is approximately 7 mi west of Stanley, readily accessed via a 3 mi spur road from State Highway 21. The surface elevation of the lake is 6,513 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<p>Stanley Lake is northeast of the base of the 9,860 ft McGown Peak, and just south of the considerably smaller Elk Peak. The lake is 2 mi downstream of Lady Face Falls on Stanley Lake Creek; it drains into the main Salmon River via Stanley Lake Creek and Valley Creek.</p><br>
<p>Recreational facilities at the lake include three campgrounds with nightly fees, a day use area, a boat launch, and hiking trails.</p><br>
<p>Hayward Lake is a lake and reservoir on the Stave River in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. Located in the District of Mission about 60 km east of Vancouver, Hayward Lake is formed by Ruskin Dam, which lies about 3 km upstream from the Stave River&#39;s confluence with the Fraser River at Ruskin, which sits astride the Mission-Maple Ridge boundary. The lake begins at the tailrace from the Stave Falls Dam and is about 7.5 km in length and an average of 0.5 km wide, with a maximum width of 1.5 km when lengths of small inlets are taken into account.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Though cleared of debris since, for many years Hayward Lake was a flooded forest full of dead trees, which had not been logged by the time of the inundation of the canyon of the Stave River, which lies today in the lakes depths behind Ruskin Dam. The original roadbed of the Stave Falls Branch of the British Columbia Electric Railway climbed the canyon walls, now underwater, but the line was rebuilt as part of the construction of Ruskin Dam and its track along the west side of the lake is now a hiking and biking trail. Trestles used by the railway are still present along this route, although their ends have been demolished to prevent access for safety reasons. The west side trail, and a hiking-only route on the east side of the lake, are part of a BC Hydro recreation division project; a park at the lakes upper end, where there had been a townsite during construction of the Stave project, now has a public beach and includes a bandstand built for the filming of We&#39;re No Angels above Stave Dam and moved to its present location afterwards.</p><br>
<p>The lake is named for the first operations manager of the Stave Powerhouse.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the public beach at the Stave Falls end of the lake, there are small beaches along the lakeside trail. Canoeing on the lake is now mostly safe though some "snags" remain; power boats are not permitted, and canoeing or swimming within 1 km of Ruskin Dam is prohibited due to the risk of being sucked into the Ruskin Powerhouse&#39;s intakes, with a log-boom drawn across from shore to shore as a reminder.</p><br>
<p>Alouette Lake, originally Lillooet Lake and not to be confused with the lake of that name farther north, is a lake and reservoir in Maple Ridge, British Columbia, Canada. It is located at the southeast foot of the mountain group known as the Golden Ears and is about 16 km in length on a northeast-southwest axis. It and the Alouette River, formerly the Lillooet River, were renamed in 1914 to avoid confusion with the larger river and lake farther north, with "Alouette", the French word for "lark", being chosen as being melodious and reminiscent of the original name in tone.</p><br>
<p>Most of the basin of Alouette Lake has never been logged and its north flank is protected as part of Golden Ears Provincial Park (formerly part of Garibaldi Provincial Park until that parks division). A small portion of the lake and its largely inaccessible northwestern shore, near its narrows, are actually part of the District of Mission due to the rectangular shape of that districts boundary. North of the portion of the lake that is in Mission, the rest of its northern end is not in either municipality.</p><br>
<h2>Alouette Dam</h2><br>
<p>Originally only 2 km in length, the lake was considerably expanded by the 1928 construction of the Alouette Dam at 49&deg;17&prime;10&Prime;N latitude, 122&deg;29&prime;12&Prime;W longitude, which is 11.5 km along the upper reaches of the South Alouette River. A 1,067 m long tunnel connects Alouette Lake and Stave Lake. At the end of the tunnel is a penstock which feeds the small Alouette Powerhouse, an 8 MW power station operated by BC Hydro, which lies midway along the west shore of Stave Lake.49&deg;22&prime;16&Prime;N latitude, 122&deg;18&prime;47&Prime;W longitude There is no powerhouse at the dam, however, as the point of the reservoir is to feed the tunnel through the flank of the ridge between Mounts Crickmer and Robie Reid. A former railway grade leading to the dam along the river was also used as a logging railway.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>A large public beach, picnic site and campground that are part of the provincial park are located on the lake&#39;s western shore.</p><br>
<p>Mount Crickmer is one of the southernmost summits of the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains, overlooking the Central Fraser Valley in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. Forming a rocky knoll at the northern end of a relatively flat-topped southeast-northwest axis ridge named Blue Mountain, which divides the basin of Alouette Lake, which lies immediately below it to the west, and the valley of the Stave River; Stave Lake is immediately at its eastern foot. A northerly ridge towards Mount Robie Reid, the next summit northwards, forms a col at Florence and Morgan Lakes low enough to give Crickmer a considerable prominence of 1049m. Beneath that col there is a diversion tunnel feeding the waters of Alouette Lake to the Alouette Powerhouse on Stave Lake.</p><br>
<p>Crickmer is the highest point in the District of Mission and was named on April 1, 1957 for the Reverend William Burton Crickmer, the first rector of the Church of St. John the Divine, at Derby (Old Fort Langley) in 1859.</p><br>
<p>Hacienda Arms Apartments, also known as Coronet Apartments and Piazza del Sol, is a historic building located on the Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California. The four-story, 52,000 ft&sup2; Italian Renaissance Revival sourced Mediterranean Revival style structure was built in 1927 and operated initially as a luxury apartment building catering to the entertainment business. In the 1930s, it became the "most famous brothel in California." The building declined in prestige in the 1950s and 1960 and was acquired by rock star Rod Stewart in the 1970s. After Stewart&#39;s plans to redevelop the building as a luxury hotel ended in a legal dispute, the building was nearly destroyed in a 1983 fire that was found to be of suspicious origin. Since 1986, it has been known as the Piazza del Sol, and it now houses the offices of several production companies, including Miramax Films. The restaurant Katana, co-owned by Ryan Seacrest and Tori Spelling and described by Newsweek as "so hip it hurts," also operates at the building.</p><br>
<h2>Hollywood apartment house</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1927 for $382,000, the building was originally known as Hacienda Arms Apartments and became the home of wealthy Hollywood families. Located next door to the famed Ciro&#39;s night club, the Hacienda Arms was the home to motion picture actors, including Marie Dressler, James Dunn, Grant Withers, Loretta Young, Jeanette MacDonald, US child star Leon Janney, and the film composers Josiah Zuro and Oscar Potoker.</p><br>
<h2>Classiest brothel on the Sunset Strip</h2><br>
<p>During the 1930s, the building gained notoriety as the site of the "House of Francis," described as the "most famous brothel in California," The "House of Francis" was featured in a 2005 book about Hollywoods "fixers," the men who worked to shield Hollywoods Golden Age stars from public scandal. The fixers reportedly had their "hands full" trying to cover for events at the high-class brothel. The establishment was run by famed madam Lee Francis, who wrote the book Ladies on Call. The brothel was staffed largely by young women who had come to Hollywood to become movie stars but ended up as highly paid prostitutes, making as much as $1,000 a week—a fortune in the Depression era.</p><br>
<p>In his 1981 book, Hidden Hollywood, Hollywood historian Richard Lamparski reported that Francis entertained "married men and movie stars world-famous for their sexual attractiveness." Regular customers at the "House of Francis" included Jean Harlow, who visited the house and paid Francis $500 to take customers home with her. Francis prostitutes and customers reportedly "complained about Harlows rough sexual appetite." Clark Gable, Errol Flynn, and Spencer Tracy were also regular customers, and the "fixers" often had to retrieve the ill-tempered Tracy from the establishment. The MGM studio was reported to have maintained a business charge account at the brothel under an assumed name.</p><br>
<p>Francis reportedly paid 40% of her profits to police and politicians, and occasional vice squad "raids" reportedly resulted in no arrests, as police were greeted with cash, Russian caviar and French champagne. However, in 1940, Francis was arrested in a police raid and convicted of operating a house of ill repute. Upon her arrest, Francis reportedly told the arresting officer, "You are a sly one you are. In 31 years in business, this is the first time anyone ever got me."</p><br>
<h2>Years of decline</h2><br>
<p>From the 1940s through the 1970s, the building changed hands many times and fell into decline. The Los Angeles Times reported in 1983 that the decline of the building "roughly paralleled the decline of Hollywood," and the building had an "unremarkable history" in the 1950s and 1960s. The sales of the building during this period include the following:</p><br>
<p>In 1941, the building, then known as Coronet Apartments, was acquired by G.E. Kinsey.</p><br>
<p>In 1950, the Coronet was sold by K.L.M., Inc., to Lee Herman and Victor S. Herman for a reported price of $275,000.</p><br>
<p>In 1952, the building was purchased by Mr. and Mrs. Isidor Tumarkin for $280,000.</p><br>
<p>Frank Sennes, who also owned Ciro&#39;s, bought the building in 1960. Sennes noted that, for a time in the 1960s, there were "a lot of hippies" living there. Sennes emptied the building in the late 1970s with plans to renovate it.</p><br>
<h2>Rod Stewart years</h2><br>
<p>Rock star Rod Stewart purchased the building in the late 1970s along with partner Barry Monzio. Stewart invested or loaned more than $1.6 million to convert the blighted and deserted building into a European-style luxury hotel. As the costs escalated, Stewart and Monzio became engaged in a bitter legal dispute, and the renovation work was halted. Monzio sued in 1980, accusing Stewart of trying to squeeze him out. Stewart counterclaimed for dissolution of the partnership, and Stewart became the sole owner of the building after settling the suit with Monzio.</p><br>
<p>In April 1982, Stewart was robbed at gunpoint upon leaving the building in broad daylight with his three-year-old daughter. The gunman stole Stewart&#39;s Porsche Carrera.</p><br>
<p>In July 1983, the Coronet, which was vacant at the time, was nearly destroyed in a fire. The interior of the building was completely gutted, and the exterior was charred. Investigators believed the fire was set intentionally, because it started in three places, and its rapid spread suggested it had been "boosted" with a flammable liquid. Some reports blamed the fire on "vagrants" living in the building.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation and architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed in an Italian Renaissance revival style, described by some as "reminiscent of a classic Italian villa." After the building was nearly destroyed by fire in 1983, the Los Angeles Conservancy led an effort to have the building designated as a historic site. The Conservancys executive director, Ruthann Lehrer, noted: "The building is a beauty... You find period revival buildings in a variety of places, but this one is really palatial. Its like a European palace." The application to have the building added to the National Register of Historic Places noted its ornamented cream-and-tan plaster facade, its "grand entrance stairway and fountain, elaborate cast-stone decorations and arched entryway." The building also retains original antique Italian marble and stonework, plaster edifices and wrought iron. The building was added to the National Register in December 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Piazza del Sol</h2><br>
<p>Before the 1983 fire, San Francisco-based Westcap Financial Group had agreed to purchase the building for $4.2 million, and Westcap went forward with the acquisition despite the fire. Westcap converted the space into 40,000 ft&sup2; of luxury office space, and changed the buildings name to the Piazza del Sol. In 1986, the West Hollywood Chamber of Commerce honored the remodeled building with an architectural award. The buildings leasing agent states that the Piazza del Sol is a "Class A Office Building" offering a full range of office spaces from 300 ft&sup2; to full floor, 10,000 ft&sup2; spaces. The Piazza del Sol houses the offices of several movie production companies, including Miramax Films, and The Film Department.</p><br>
<p>The celebrity-owned restaurant Katana Robata & Sushi Bar is also located within the building. Katana, partly owned by Ryan Seacrest and Tori Spelling, serves "rustic Japanese fare" and sushi in a "sci-fi-inspired decor." Katana was described by Newsweek in 2004 as "so hip it hurts." Newsweek suggested that the visitor to Katana "wear disaffected black and sit among the beautiful people outside on a veranda overlooking the bustle of Sunset Strip."</p><br>
<p>The Woodland Opera House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places and a California Historical Landmark, is one of four fully functioning 19th century opera houses in California. It is a contributing property to the Downtown Historic District of Woodland, California.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Designed in 1885 by Thomas J. Welsh, a prominent San Francisco architect, for the amount of $28,000, it was the first opera house to serve the Sacramento Valley. The builder for the community theater was Woodland contractor William Henry Curson. Several years later in July 1892 a fire that started in Dead Cat Alley behind the Opera House destroyed much of what is now the Downtown Woodland Historic District, including the Opera House. There was uncertainty whether the House would be rebuilt when a locally renowned businessman, David N. Hershey, purchased the site. Other local businessmen supported the project in addition to Hershey. The Opera House was rebuilt between 1895 and 1896 by local contractor William H. Winne at the cost of $8,990. Many of the materials from the original building were used including some of the partially standing walls.</p><br>
<p>By 1913 over 300 touring companies had appeared on its stage, and the Woodland Opera House was becoming an entertainment center for the region. Nevertheless, the venue closed in that year, after ticket sales declined and the theater lost a lawsuit by an attendee who had mistaken a loading door for an exit and fell three feet, breaking an arm.</p><br>
<h3>A new beginning</h3><br>
<p>The Opera house remained closed and unused for almost sixty years until 1971 when it was purchased by the Yolo County Historical Society, for a sum of $12,000. After many local fund drives, donations, and monies from several different government agencies including the City of Woodland, restoration of the building began. Declared a state historic park in 1976, the building was later deeded to the State of California in 1980. Extensive work was still done over the next nine years. Gary Worth, an architect from Woodland, oversaw the work and Brocchini & Associates of Oakland provided most of the materials for the restoration of the theater including antique wallpaper, lighting, and paint colors.</p><br>
<p>In the restoration the building was made structurally safe and "earthquake proofed". Central heat and air-conditioning, a sprinkler and alarm system, and handicap access were added. An annex was constructed for storage of mechanical equipment, as well as for administrative office space, a gift counter, the Mid Level Lounge, and a rooftop exterior deck. The interior restoration effort received an Award of Merit from the California Preservation Foundation and a Citation Award from the League of Historic American Theaters.</p><br>
<p>In 1990 with the help of Woodland Rotary Club, the south side grassy "Rotary Court" was added to the existing outdoor plaza, named Intermission Garden. The Intermission Garden&#39;s brick marquee and entrance sign was designed by Brocchini & Associates and was added the same year.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural design</h2><br>
<p>The present Opera House is a simple, two-story, red brick structure. The structure is approximately 104 feet long by 60 feet wide; and its walls are 20 inches thick. A stage house on top of the north end of the Opera House (destroyed by fire in the 1930s) rose to a height of 60 feet above the street level. The building partially shares a common wall with the building on its western side</p><br>
<p>Its interior is an example of 19th-century American playhouses. The layout of the stage is a typical proscenium arch. It combines the horseshoe balcony with an uninterrupted semi-circular seating arrangement and large orchestra seating area like the common theme in Italian Renaissance-Revival theaters.</p><br>
<h2>Productions</h2><br>
<p>The Opera House holds mainstage subscriber productions from September to June. The theatre also has a summer youth theatre camp in August of each year and a Young People&#39;s Theatre Program that runs throughout the year. Along with many concerts throughout the year. Each production runs from 2 to 5 weekends. The theatre also works with the Yolo County Office of Education to provide very low ticket prices for students for school day performances of plays that are currently running.</p><br>
<p>Some notable performers on the WOH stage in the late 19th and early 20th century include Nance ONeil, James A. Herne, Harry Davenport Madame Helena Modjeska, John Philip Sousa and his band, comics Weber and Fields, George M. Cohans troupe, "Gentleman Jim" Corbett, John L. Sullivan as well as rising motion picture stars Sydney Greenstreet, Walter Huston and Verna Felton.</p><br>
<p>In addition to play and drama productions, the Opera House is also used for a variety of music performances, comedians, and in rare cases even weddings.</p><br>
<p>The Alexander Chêne House was a private residence located at 2681 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Alexander Chêne House was a two-story, Federal-style house with additional Colonial Revival details on the facade, added after original construction. The house was constructed of red brick sitting on a raised basement. A one-story porch sat in the center of the front facade, and the side walls rose above the roof to form fractables. A small cornice ran the width of the front. The windows were topped with decorative iron lintels. A rear extension was added to the house in the 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Chêne House was one of the few examples of the Federal style in Detroit. It was built in 1850 by Alexander Chêne on land which had been granted to the Chêne family by Louis XIV of France in 1707. The house was later owned by Charles B. Warren, who constructed the rear wing some time between 1902 and 1914.</p><br>
<p>In the latter part of the 20th century, the house was used as a restaurant, known as Little Harry&#39;s. In 1991, the structure was demolished and replaced with a franchise International House of Pancakes (IHOP).</p><br>
<p>The Preston River is a river in the South West region of Western Australia.</p><br>
<p>The river has a total length of 84 km and rises near Goonac siding then flows in a north-westerly direction until discharging into the Leschenault Estuary.</p><br>
<p>The headwaters are 80 km inland within the Darling Range and run across the Blackwood Plateau and the Swan Coastal Plain.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the river catchment has been cleared for agriculture although some remnant forest vegetation exists at the headwaters.</p><br>
<p>The towns of Donnybrook and Boyanup are on the shores of the Preston River.</p><br>
<p>The major tributaries of the river include the Ferguson River and Joshua Creek. Minor tributaries include Thomson Brook, Crooked Brook, Charley Creek, Waterfall Gully, Mininup Brook, Millbrook and Gavin Guly. The Glen Mervyn Dam is along the Preston River.</p><br>
<p>The river basin is monitored routinely as a result of eutrophication problems within the Leschenault Inlet. The water quality is fresh in many places and generally low in nutrients although some areas are slightly enriched with nitrogen.</p><br>
<p>The Baćina lakes  are located in Dalmatia, Croatia. The lakes are named after the inland town of Baćina close to the port city of Ploče. The lakes are part of a picturesque landscape and surrounded by mountains. They are situated between Makarska and Dubrovnik. It is a crypto-depression lake, with its bottom below the surface of the sea.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Despite its proximity to the sea and the permeable nature of the karst area, they are fresh water lakes. The seven lakes cover an area of 138 hectares and they are named Oćuša, Crniševo, Podgora, Sladinac, Vrbnik, Šipak and Plitko. Six of these lakes are linked. The only isolated lake is Vrbnik.The largest lake is Oćuša and the deepest is the Crniševo (34 m). The lakes are connected with the sea and at times the water can be brackish, also the surface of the lakes lies 80 cm above sea level. Salty water is found at the bottom of the deepest lake Crnisevo.</p><br>
<p>Lake Vrgorac (Vrgorsko jezero) located to the north of the Baćina lakes drains into the Adriatic Sea through them.</p><br>
<p>At the turn of the century the Austro-Hungarian government built a tunnel to the sea. This led to the lowering of the lake level which has brought about biological changes. The tunnel currently runs underneath the Adriatic Highway.</p><br>
<p>In recent times the lake has become a well-known hunting ground for grey mullet (Mugil saliens).</p><br>
<p>Wahleach Lake, commonly known as Jones Lake, is a lake and reservoir located in the Skagit Range in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada, east of the city of Chilliwack and southwest of the town of Hope.</p><br>
<p>The lake, which was a resting place for Sto:lo people on their way to summer hunting grounds, was expanded by an earthfill dam and is now 6.4 km long and 1 km wide. At over 600 m above the level of the Fraser River, nearly all of its volume is diverted through the side of a flank of Mount Cheam, part of the Four Brothers Range, to the Wahleach Powerhouse which stands aside the Trans-Canada Highway east of Bridal Falls. When the Wahleach development was completed in 1952 it produced 14% of the power for the BC Electric Company, a predecessor to BC Hydro and a subsidiary of the British Columbia Electric Railway Company. As of 2008, it produces less than 1% of BC Hydros generating capacity but is ranked as one of the companys most efficient operations. In addition to a private-run recreational cabin operation, there are three campgrounds operated by BC Hydro as part of its recreation areas program, with approximately 60 campsites in three different campgrounds.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The name Jones Lake first appeared on a map in 1904 and is the main name used locally, as well as appearing on the highway signs for the Jones Lake Forest Service Road, which is the only access. The dual naming also applies to Wahleach Creek, which is also known as Jones Creek.</p><br>
<p>The name Wahleach, which also occurs as the name of an island and associated Indian Reserve on the other side of the Fraser, and as Waleach as a railway point on the CPR on Sea Bird Island, is that of a Sto:lo resident from Union Bar, near Hope, whose anglicized and baptized name was Camille Walecia but whose name in Halq&#39;eméylem is spelled "Xwelích", meaning "crossing a neck of land between two bodies of water".</p><br>
<p>Chilliwack Lake is a lake in the upper basin of the Chilliwack River southeast of the city of the same name in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. The lake, while entirely within Canada, is located just north of the border between British Columbia and the state of Washington and is both fed and drained by the Chilliwack River, which has its source in the North Cascades of Washington state and Canada, which surround the lake on all sides.</p><br>
<h2>Parks and recreation</h2><br>
<p>Chilliwack Lake Provincial Park is located on the lakes shores on the Canadian end of the lake. At the south end of the lake, there is a large beach, often a partying location, where the at-this-point-slough-like Chilliwack River enters the far end of the lake. There is also a trail that leads into an old growth forest along the river above the lake. It starts near the lakes far end. If you head off trail and ford the river, you can find the difficult trail to Hanging Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Road closures</h2><br>
<p>The road on the east side of the lake leading to its far end has been closed off to all but regular vehicles. ATVs and dirtbikes are not permitted on the road beyond the south boundary of Chilliwack Lake Provincial Park. In addition to that, the road has been decommissioned and gated at the bridge over Depot Creek due to vandalism at the far end of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Chilliwack Mountain is a small mountain rising from the floodplain of the Fraser River in the city of Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada. Located on the south side of the Fraser opposite the north side community of Deroche, it lies just west of the downtown of Chilliwack and to the east of Greendale, a rural neighbourhood of Chilliwack near its western boundary.</p><br>
<h2>Twentieth century</h2><br>
<p>Mostly forested, the mountain has become the site of upscale real estate development which was approved by the City of Chilliwack Council in the Chilliwack Mountain Comprehensive Development Plan of 1996 for the development of a suburban community scenario that would lead to a build-out population of 4,500, or 1,700 dwelling units. The report addresses environmentally and geotechnically sensitive areas that need to be treated with due care.</p><br>
<p>The Franklin H. Walker House was a private residence located at 2730 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was also known as Doctor&#39;s Hospital. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, but subsequently demolished.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Franklin H. Walker House was a two-and-one-half-story structure, constructed of brown brick and rock-faced limestone. The massive Neo-Jacobean house was irregular in both floorplan and in height. A medieval-influenced octagonal tower with a pointed roof projected from one corner of the house; at the other corner, a two-story, three-sided bay window unit projected from the main bulk of the house. The gable roof was covered with tiles; walls at the gable ends terminated in fractables.</p><br>
<h2>History and significance</h2><br>
<p>This home was built in 1896 for Franklin H. Walker, a son of Hiram Walker and president of the Hiram Walker Distillery. The house was notable for its immense size, diverse building materials, and medieval motif. The house was used until 1980 as Doctor&#39;s Hospital.</p><br>
<p>Mount Robie Reid 2,095 m is a mountain in the southern end of the Garibaldi Ranges overlooking the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada. It lies to the north of Mission, British Columbia, Canada and on the west side of the upper end of Stave Lake, and to the northeast of the group of summits known as the Golden Ears. It has a prominence of 1,245 m relative to the lowest col between the valleys of Tingle and Osprey Creeks .</p><br>
<p>Together with Mount Judge Howay, which lies northeast across the deep valley of Tingle Creek, it was known as one of the Snow Peaks, and until its renaming in 1944 was referred to by old-timers as Old Baldy. Its name commemorates Robie Lewis Reid, a noted historian and educator whose colleague Frederic W. Howay is commemorated by Mount Judge Howay. Although relatively low, views of it dominate the mountain skyline from western Abbotsford and is also visible from Maple Ridge, North Surrey and New Westminster-Coquitlam, though from most of Mission it is invisible due to intervening smaller mountains and hill country.</p><br>
<p>The historic River Place  is located in Detroit, Michigan, bounded by Joseph Campau Avenue, Wight Street, McDougall Street, and the Detroit International Riverfront. It was formerly the Parke-Davis and Company Pharmaceutical Plant. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History and significance</h2><br>
<p>In the 1870s, Parke-Davis moved to the riverfront property this complex now occupies. Between 1891 and 1955, the company expanded the complex to cover over 14 acre, building the 26 structures that still stand. These buildings were designed by some of the most prominent Detroit architects, including Donaldson and Meier, Albert Kahn, and Smith, Hinchman and Grylls. As a group, the buildings in the complex are significant as the represent a wide variety of industrial architecture from the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, Parke-Davis sold its property in Detroit, including the Research Laboratory, to the Stroh family (of Stroh Brewery Company). The complex, now known as River Place, has been converted into offices, retail space, residences, and a hotel.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>These buildings range from brick mill buildings built at the turn of the 20th century to reinforced concrete buildings constructed after 1920 The central and northern portions of the complex are tightly packed with interconnected buildings. There is more open space at the southern edge along the river.</p><br>
<p>The most notable single building in this group is the Riverwalk Hotel Detroit, the former Parke-Davis Research Laboratory, built in 1902 along the Detroit River. This building was the first industrial research laboratory in the USA established for the specific purpose of conducting pharmacological research, inaugurating the commercial pure science approach which has driven the rapid development of pharmaceutical technology. The research laboratory was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Widcombe Manor is a grade I listed Georgian house in Widcombe, Bath, England, originally built in 1656 and then rebuilt in 1727 for Philip Bennet the local MP. The crest of the Bennet family can be seen surmounting the two pedestals at the entrance gates. The manor is located on Church Street adjacent to St Thomas à Beckett Church.</p><br>
<p>The house has a south-facing front which is in its original condition. In around 1850, the west front was altered and now includes a bay window and stone balconies at the first floor windows. The fountain in front of the house is Italian and thought to date from the 15th century. It was installed in its present position in the early twentieth century. It is also Grade I listed.</p><br>
<p>The house was home to Horace Annesley Vachell who based his novel Golden House on the property.</p><br>
<p>From 1955, it was the home to the entrepreneur and inventor Jeremy Fry. Princess Margaret and Tony Armstrong-Jones were frequent visitors, and it was the location of the 1972 Widcombe Manor Festival at which Hawkwind were scheduled to play.</p><br>
<p>Mali i Gramës is a mountain in the Albanian part of the Korab mountain range. Mali i Gramës reaches a height of 2,345 metres high. Around the mountain are many lakes including the largest lake on Mount Korab which also shares the name Gramë. It around one and a half kilometres west of Mount Korab itself, to which it is connected to the main part of the mountain by a long ridge.</p><br>
<p>Gramë refers to the peak itself, but also the entire southwestern spur of the Korab range, which is about eight kilometres long. In the north, the Gramë stream flows through a deep canyon to a terrace. To the east of this is Lake Gramë (c. 1750 metres above sea level).</p><br>
<p>There are several gypsum deposits in the region around Gramë. Natural monuments in the region include the Karst i Malit të Bardhë, the Selenium deposit at Pasqyrat e Gramës, and the cirque at Bjeshka e Zonjave.</p><br>
<p>On the north side of the mountain, the Malli i Gramës falls away into a sheer cliff. The main access from the villages in the southwest to the seasonal pasture northeast of the mountain runs over the summit. Cerjan on the south side and Zimur in the southwest are the highest villages on the mountain, at around 1300 metres above sea level. In the southwest, around seven kilometres away at an altitude of around 650 metres, where it is flatter, is the capital of the region, Peshkopi.</p><br>
<p>Salado College was a college in Salado, Texas, United States that operated from 1860 until 1885.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Salado College began on October 8, 1859 at a tent meeting at Salado Springs of prominent men from throughout Bell County with a desire to create a high class school in the county. They organized the Salado College Joint Stock Company and raised $5,000 for the college through sale of stock. The board of the company had seven trustees. Colonel Elijah Sterling Clack Robertson was elected President of the board.</p><br>
<p>Robertson donated 100 acre of land to the college on October 16, 1859. Ten acres of the land was for the college grounds and ninety acres was to subdivided and sold to families moving to the area. The proceeds of the land sale provided money for building the school. Salado College was the first college in the state to operate without church or state funds.</p><br>
<p>On February 8, 1860, Salado College was incorporated by the Texas Legislature for twenty years to grant diplomas, confer degrees and perform other corporate functions. Unlike most colleges of the era in the United States, Salado College was to be coeducational. The college erected a temporary wooden building, and the first classes began on February 20, 1860. Seventy-five students were enrolled the first term. Students that did not live in the area boarded with local families as the college had no dormitory. Teachers temporarily lived in tents.</p><br>
<p>On July 4, 1860, area Masons laid the cornerstone for the college&#39;s permanent two-story limestone building. The ceremony attracted visitors from as far away as Austin and Waco. The college sold many more lots as families moved to Salado to get their children a good education. Attendance increased to 124 students the next year. Attendance at the school peaked at 307 students in 1865 with an average of 250 from 1866 to 1872.</p><br>
<p>In 1871, the college added a two-story annex. However, enrollment dropped sharply because of the Panic of 1873. The number of students also decreased as more state-funded colleges were established. Finally, Colonel Robertson had to step in and buy the college in 1877 to keep it from being closed due to foreclosure on the property. Colonel Robertson died in 1879.</p><br>
<p>The state charter expired on February 8, 1880. A new corporation formed in 1882 and purchased the land on which the college building stood from Robertson&#39;s heirs. The school operated as Salado College until 1885. However, the college was not rechartered with the state, so it granted no degrees between 1880 and 1884. In 1885, Salado College ceased operating as a college. The college had operated for its entire existence without endowments, sustained solely by tuition.</p><br>
<p>The Salado College Board of Trustees leased the site to Dr. S. J. Jones who established a private high school. He operated it as Thomas Arnold High School from 1890 until 1913 when he retired. The school closed in 1918 and became a free public school until 1924.</p><br>
<p>A fire destroyed the main building in 1901 and again in 1902. The building was rebuilt each time. A fire in 1924 destroyed the building again. This time the citizens could not afford to rebuild. Oral history recounts the nature of these fires as "suspicious," but the basis for the claim of arson is lost in local legend.</p><br>
<p>The site was subjected to an archaeological survey. The ruins of the building were stabilized, and the site is now open to the public.</p><br>
<p>In 2011 the site came under the governance of the Robertson Colony &ndash; Salado College Foundation, Inc. under the direction of President Doris Kemp. The foundation has beautified the site, made improvements and maintains it as the Salado College Memorial Public Park. Contributions from the community and friends of the college support the endeavor. The Foundation can be reached at P.O. Box 143, Salado, Texas 76571.</p><br>
<h2>Beautification effort</h2><br>
<p>The beautification effort was launched into full swing when community volunteers joined 24 soldier volunteers from the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment stationed at Fort Hood. The clean-up day was held August 27, 2011 in readiness for the Liz Carpenter marker dedication held at 10 a.m. September 3, 2011 on the site.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>James Edward Ferguson, 26th Governor of Texas, expelled from Salado for disobedience</p><br>
<p>Miriam Amanda Ferguson, 29th and 32nd Governor of Texas</p><br>
<p>Saints Peter and Paul Church is a Roman Catholic church located at 629 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It is the oldest existing church in the city of Detroit, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1844, Bishop Peter Paul Lefevere, who served as coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Detroit, began construction on Saints Peter and Paul Church; the cornerstone is dated June 29, 1844. Francis Letourneau drew the plans, and Peter Kindenkens supervised the construction. The church was consecrated on June 29, 1848 and Bishop Lefevere used the church as his cathedral until his death in 1869. The original parishioners were predominantly Irish, with some French families attending.</p><br>
<p>Following Lefeveres death, Caspar Borgess, the second Bishop of Detroit, used the church as his cathedral until 1877, when he gave the title to the building to the Jesuit Order with the intention of starting Detroits first Catholic college. The Jesuit college eventually became the University of Detroit-Mercy, and UDM&#39;s law school still occupies the building adjacent to the church.</p><br>
<p>The church was altered in 1879 and 1882, completely renovated in 1892, and remodeled again in 1911. A chapel was added to the rear of the building in 1918. Although these alterations changed the look of the church, the original plan has been substantially preserved. The church is still in use, offering daily masses.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Saints Peter and Paul Church is a basilica-style church, made with walls of painted brick. The front façade is gabled and topped by a short square cupola.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the church features hand carved oak confessionals, a barrel vaulted ceiling painted with frescoes, These details were added during later renovations; the organ case is the only surviving original element.</p><br>
<p>Lake Atalanta is a reservoir along Prairie Creek in Rogers, Arkansas, used primarily for recreation, built in 1936 by the Works Progress Administration. The lake is named for Atalanta Gregory, the wife of O.L. Gregory, who donated most of the land that now forms the lake. Lake Atalanta Dam is earthen with rock fill, and is 43 ft tall and 910 ft long.</p><br>
<h2>Lake Atalanta Park</h2><br>
<p>Today, Lake Atalanta is surrounded by the second oldest park in Rogers. The park contains a playground, picnic area, and walking trail. Just below the dam is a second city park, Lake Atalanta Dam Site, constructed in 1987.</p><br>
<h3>Fishing</h3><br>
<p>Lake Atalanta is part of the "Family and Community Fishing Program" for Arkansas. The lake is stocked with channel catfish in the summer months, and rainbow trout in the winter months. Stocking schedules and the special regulations that apply can be found in the current Arkansas fishing and trout fishing handbooks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Atalanta was constructed in 1936-1938 as a public works project of the Works Progress Administration, a New Deal-era agency. For the first ten years of its existence, the area around Lake Atalanta was undeveloped, and used primarily for fishing. In 1948 and 1949, a swimming pool, miniature golf course, roller skating rink, and restaurant were constructed. In the mid-1950s, Lake Atalanta became a water source for the city with the construction of a water treatment plant. During a drought in the 1960s, the lake nearly dried up, and was refilled by pumping water from nearby Beaver Lake. In 1970, Beaver Lake replaced Lake Atalanta as the city&#39;s water source.</p><br>
<p>The Commodore Joshua Barney House is a historic home located at Savage, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It was originally situated on a 700-acre tract in modern Savage Maryland named Harry&#39;s Lot, at a time when the closest town was Elk Ridge. In 1809, Nathaniel F. Williams  married Caroline Barney, daughter of Joshua Barney, who in turn expanded an existing mill site on the property to create the Savage Mill.</p><br>
<p>It has three sections: the original -story brick house built by Charles Greenberry Ridgley Sr. about 1760, a 2-story frame addition built in 1941, and a one-story frame addition to the west, built in 1946. The interior of the house was altered during the 1940s when it was used as a boys&#39; school, and about 1960 when it was converted into apartments. Its significance is tied to Commodore Joshua Barney, who was a hero of the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, and who lived in the house until his death in 1818. The house is situated near the Ridgley family cemetery. It was operated as a bed and breakfast inn starting in 2000, until being placed on the market for $1.2 million in 2012. The house never sold, and has been vacant and neglected since 2014. The seven remaining undeveloped acres surrounding the structure place it at risk of incompatible development and has been placed on the 2014 and 2015 top 10 most endangered properties list by Preservation Howard County.</p><br>
<p>The Commodore Joshua Barney House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Brick House on the Pike is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is a large two-story, side-passage, double-pile plan house constructed in two phases, a brick structure built by Caleb Dorsey replacing a wooden structure when he bought the property at the end of the 18th century, and the larger more formal section built by his son Charles Worthington Dorsey about 1817. Also on the property and contemporary with the main house are an ice house foundation, a stone stable or carriage house and three board-and-batten outbuildings dating from the late 19th or early 20th century. The early Federal features of the house were left essentially untouched in the alterations that took place about 1907, and have remained intact. Edward Hammond undertook this modernization after being given the house as a wedding present by the father of his wife, Reubena Rogers. Electricity, central heat, and a capacious front porch were added, and the roof of the older section of the house was raised, creating a full second floor with dormer windows. Public water, sewer, gas, and modernization of utilities were accomplished between 1995 and 2009 by Dr Edward Rogers, a direct descendant of Caleb Dorsey. The previous owners, the Lassotovitch, Hammond, Ligon, and Dorsey families are all related. Governor Thomas Watkins Ligon  of Maryland lived in the house, having married a Dorsey, before they moved to White Hall, nearby.</p><br>
<p>The Brick House on the Pike was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Burleigh, or Burleigh Manor, is a historic home located at Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland, built on a 2,300 acre estate.</p><br>
<p>It is a Federal-style brick dwelling built about 1810, laid in Flemish bond. Also on the landscaped grounds are a stone smokehouse; a much-altered log, stone, and frame "gatehouse" or "cottage," and another log outbuilding, as well as an early-20th century bathhouse, swimming pool, and tennis court. The probable builder was Colonel Rezin Hammond (1745–1809), who bequeathed the manor and 4,500 acre to his grandnephew Denton Hammond (1785–1813) and his wife Sara who lived there until her death in 1832. In 1914 the estate was owned by Mary Hanson Hammond with land totaling over 1,000 acre including the outbuildings and slave quarters. In 1935 the Estate was subdivided to 600 acre and purchased by Charles McAlpin Pyle, Grandson of industrialist David Hunter McAlpin. It is currently operated as a livestock shelter. In the late 1960s the property was owned by Mrs G. Dudley Iverson IV.</p><br>
<p>Centennial Lane was built in 1876 as a shortcut through Burliegh Manor property between Clarksville and Ellicott City.</p><br>
<p>In November 1976 the county executive, Edward L. Cochran, commissioned a $35,000 survey by Resource Management Associates Inc. to analyze 600 acre of the manor property for a landfill site at a set contract price of $2,250,000, but a task force recommendation led to a site selection in Marriottsville. In 1979 A historical survey was conducted, listing the owner as Maple Lawn developer Stewart J Greenbaum. In 1982 Burleigh was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1987, the wife of former County Executive Cochran listed Burleigh Manor and 15 surrounding acres for sale for $750,000.</p><br>
<p>Cherry Grove, also known as "Fredericksburg" is a historic home and farm located at Woodbine, Howard County, Maryland, United States. The home is considered the seat of the Warfield family of Maryland.</p><br>
<p>The multi-part house was built by captain Benjamin Warfield starting after 1766 after acquiring a 550-acre land grant from Henry Griffith named "Fredricksburg". The complex includes a ca. 1798 log ground barn, an 1860-1890 frame wagon shed with corn crib, an early-20th century frame water tower, frame ground barn with cantilevered forebay, frame shed, frame dairy barn, concrete silo, concrete block dairy, and several frame shelter sheds. The buildings are located on a generally flat site surrounded by gently rolling terrain and are set well back from the road along a gravel drive that winds through the center of the farm. The J.P Tarenz log house was a log slave quarters built around 1768 that was relocated offsite after the civil war to accommodate freed slaves. The remains of Maryland&#39;s 45th Governor Edwin Warfield (1848–1920), are buried onsite in the family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The property was owned by Arthur G. Nichols Jr. and wife in 1976 and was subdivided down to 338 acres.</p><br>
<p>Cherry Grove was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
